Empowering Voices: Building an Electronic Petition System for Strengthening Freedom of Speech in Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37253/jjr.v25i1.7459Keywords:
E-Democracy, Electronic Petition System, Freedom of SpeechAbstract
Currently, the issue of freedom of expression poses a significant challenge in Indonesia. Despite being a democratic nation, the scope of people's freedom of expression is largely confined to electoral processes. In order to advance this fundamental right, the implementation of an electronic petition system has been undertaken as a means to facilitate the exercise of freedom of expression. The primary objective of this research is to examine the status quo of freedom of expression in Indonesia and to analyze the pressing need for the adoption of an electronic petition system. This study employs a normative legal approach and conducts comparative analysis with the United Kingdom and Germany, utilizing secondary data sources. The findings of this research demonstrate that Indonesia would greatly benefit from the adoption of an e-democracy system through the implementation of an electronic petition system. The efficacy of such a system has been successfully demonstrated in the United Kingdom and Germany, where it has served as an effective intermediary between the public and the government, ensuring sustained public participation and influencing governmental decision-making processes. In order to implement the electronic petition system in Indonesia, several crucial steps must be undertaken. These steps include the establishment of a Petition Committee, the formulation of Petition Laws, and the official recognition of a dedicated website serving as the electronic petition platform in Indonesia. Additionally, political will and legislative enforcement will be required to ensure the Indonesian Parliament's commitment to act upon the outcomes of these petitions.
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References
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J, H. (2012). Anarkisme Demonstrasi Mahasiswa: Studi Kasus Pada Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin Makassar. Jurnal Studi Pemerintahan, 3(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.18196/jgp.2012.0004
Jungherr, A., & Jürgens, P. (2010). The Political Click: Political Participation through E-Petitions in Germany. Policy & Internet, 2(4), 131–165. https://doi.org/10.2202/1944-2866.1084
Kusumaningrum, A., Bachtiar, R., & Listiningrum, P. (2019). Improving Indonesia’s Commitment to Open Government Through Online Petition. Indonesian Journal of International Law, 16(2), 273–298. https://doi.org/10.17304/ijil.vol16.2.762
Leston-Bandeira, C. (2019). Parliamentary petitions and public engagement: An empirical analysis of the role of e-petitions. Policy & Politics, 47(3), 415–436. https://doi.org/10.1332/030557319X15579230420117
Lindner, R., & Riehm, U. (2009). Electronic Petitions and Institutional Modernization. International Parliamentary E-Petition Systems in Comparative Perspective. JeDEM - EJournal of EDemocracy and Open Government, 1(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.29379/jedem.v1i1.3
Lubis, M., Kusumasari, T. F., & Hakim, L. (2018). The Indonesia Public Information Disclosure Act (UU-KIP): Its Challenges and Responses. International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE), 8(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v8i1.pp94-103
Morva, O. (2016). Are E-Petitions Operative for Change? On the Effectiveness and the Transformative Potential of E-Petitioning. In Proceedings of International Academic Conferences (Proceedings of International Academic Conferences). International Institute of Social and Economic Sciences. https://ideas.repec.org/p/sek/iacpro/3505977.html
Nurfitriyani, A. (2022). Kebijakan Jokowi dan Menterinya Kerap Tuai Kontroversi, Lebih Parah dari Masa Orde Baru Soeharto. Warta Ekonomi. https://wartaekonomi.co.id/read396057/kebijakan-jokowi-dan-menterinya-kerap-tuai-kontroversi-lebih-parah-dari-masa-orde-baru-soeharto
Oktaviani, S., & Sudibya, K. P. (2019). Pengaturan Petisi Online dalam Peraturan Perundang-Undangan Negara Republik Indonesia. Kertha Negara : Journal Ilmu Hukum, 7(8), 1–13.
RI, M. K. (2022). Rekapitulasi Perkara Perselisihan Hasil Pemilihan Umum. https://www.mkri.id/index.php?page=web.RekapPHPU&menu=4
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Sugiono, S. (2021). The Role of E-Government in Building Society 5.0: A Conceptual Review of Economics, Social, and Environmental Sustainability Aspect. Matra Pembaruan: Jurnal Inovasi Kebijakan, 5(2), Article 2. https://doi.org/10.21787/mp.5.2.2021.115-125
Sugiyono, S. (2015). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan R&D. ALFABETA.
Sundari, & Amalia, Z. (2020). Pembentukan Undang-Undang Cipta Kerja dalam Perspektif Demokrasi. Jurnal Rechten : Riset Hukum Dan Hak Asasi Manusia, 2(3), Article 3. https://doi.org/10.52005/rechten.v2i3.66
Taufiqurrohman, M. M., Priambudi, Z., & Octavia, A. N. (2021). Mengatur Petisi Di Dalam Peraturan Perundang-Undangan: Upaya Penguatan Posisi Masyarakat Terhadap Negara Dalam Kerangka Perlindungan Kebebasan Berpendapat. Jurnal Legislasi Indonesia, 18(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.54629/jli.v18i1.750
Urbinati, N. (2006). Representative democracy: Principles and genealogy. University of Chicago Press.
Van Veelen, B. (2018). Negotiating energy democracy in practice: Governance processes in community energy projects. Environmental Politics, 27(4), 644–665. https://doi.org/10.1080/09644016.2018.1427824
Wright, S. (2015). Populism and Downing Street E-petitions: Connective Action, Hybridity, and the Changing Nature of Organizing. Political Communication, 32(3), 414–433. https://doi.org/10.1080/10584609.2014.958256
Yahya, A. N. (2022). Peretasan Ponsel Koordinator Pusat BEM SI Dianggap sebagai Pelanggaran Konstitusi. Kompas.Com. https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2022/04/11/12151101/peretasan-ponsel-koordinator-pusat-bem-si-dianggap-sebagai-pelanggaran
Yamin, M. N., Hanifah, M., & Bakhtiar, B. (2021). Radikalisme di Kalangan Mahasiswa. SUPREMASI: Jurnal Pemikiran, Penelitian Ilmu-ilmu Sosial, Hukum dan Pengajarannya, 16(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.26858/supremasi.v16i1.14428
Blumenau, J. (2021). Online Activism and Dyadic Representation: Evidence from the UK E-Petition System. Legislative Studies Quarterly, 46(4), 889–920. https://doi.org/10.1111/lsq.12291
Bochel, C. (2016). Process matters: Petitions systems in Britain’s legislatures. The Journal of Legislative Studies, 22(3), 368–384. https://doi.org/10.1080/13572334.2016.1202644
Briassoulis, H. (2021). Becoming E-Petition: An Assemblage-Based Framework for Analysis and Research. SAGE Open, 11(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440211001354
Change.org, Change. org. (2022). Tahun 2021, Hampir Satu Juta Warganet Menangkan Petisi di Change.org. https://www.change.org/l/id/tahun-2021-hampir-satu-juta-warganet-menangkan-petisi-di-change-org
Claassen, C., & Magalhães, P. C. (2022). Effective Government and Evaluations of Democracy. Comparative Political Studies, 55(5), 869–894. https://doi.org/10.1177/00104140211036042
Clark, S. D., & Lomax, N. (2020). Linguistic and semantic factors in government e-petitions: A comparison between the United Kingdom and the United States of America. Government Information Quarterly, 37(4), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2020.101523
Destrity, N. A. (2014). Efektivitas Petisi Online sebagai Alat Advokasi Kebijakan (Studi Kasus Change.org Indonesia Periode Tahun 2012-2013) [Universitas Gadjah Mada]. http://etd.repository.ugm.ac.id/penelitian/detail/74534
Deutscher Bundestag, D. B. (2010). Der Jahresbericht des Petitionsausschusses: Ausgabe 2010. Deutscher Bundestag.
Deutscher Bundestag, D. B. (2014). Grundsätze des Petitionsausschusses über die Behandlung von Bitten und Beschwerden (Verfahrensgrundsätze). https://www.bundestag.de/webarchiv/Ausschuesse/ausschuesse18/a02_18/grundsaetze/verfahrensgrundsaetze-260564
Dewi, D. M., & Widyawati, D. (2021). Peran Internet dalam Meningkatkan Pembangunan Demokrasi di Kawasan Barat Indonesia. Jurnal Politica Dinamika Masalah Politik Dalam Negeri dan Hubungan Internasional, 12(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.22212/jp.v12i1.2029
Ernis, D. (2022). Ekonom UGM Ungkap Dampak Buruk Jika Harga Pertalite, Solar & Tarif Listrik Naik. Tempo.Co. https://tekno.tempo.co/read/1584438/ekonom-ugm-ungkap-dampak-buruk-jika-harga-pertalite-solar-tarif-listrik-naik
Faqih, A. (2022). Agar Ibu Kota Baru Tak Hanya Memindahkan Masalah. Detiknews. https://news.detik.com/kolom/d-5942839/agar-ibu-kota-baru-tak-hanya-memindahkan-masalah
Firmansyah, M. J. (2022). Demi Menolak Pengesahan RKUHP, Mahasiswa akan Gelar Aksi Pekan Melawan di DPR. Tempo.Co. https://nasional.tempo.co/read/1606581/demi-menolak-pengesahan-rkuhp-mahasiswa-akan-gelar-aksi-pekan-melawan-di-dpr
Garner, B. A. (2004). Black’s Law Dictionary 8th Edition, (Minnesota: Thomson West, 2004). Thomson West.
Hager, B. M. (1999). The rule of law: A lexicon for policy makers. Mansfield Center for Pacific Affairs.
Harrison, T. M., Dumas, C., DePaula, N., Fake, T., May, W., Atrey, A., Lee, J., Rishi, L., & Ravi, S. S. (2022). Exploring E-petitioning and media: The case of #BringBackOurGirls. Government Information Quarterly, 39(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2021.101569
Husna, F. A. (2017). Slacktivism dan Gerakan Sosial Digital (Studi Mengenai Partisipasi Digital dalam Penandatanganan Petisi Online Change.org) [Universitas Gadjah Mada]. http://etd.repository.ugm.ac.id/penelitian/detail/108346
Indonesia, C. (2022). Ikut Demo Kenaikan BBM, Pelajar Ungkap Dapat Banyak Intimidasi. https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20220913182917-20-847361/ikut-demo-kenaikan-bbm-pelajar-ungkap-dapat-banyak-intimidasi
Iskandar, D. J. (2017). Pentingnya Partisipasi dan Peranan Kelembagaan Politik Dalam Proses Pembuatan Kebijakan Publik. Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi: Media Pengembangan Ilmu dan Praktek Administrasi, 14(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.31113/jia.v14i1.2
J, H. (2012). Anarkisme Demonstrasi Mahasiswa: Studi Kasus Pada Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin Makassar. Jurnal Studi Pemerintahan, 3(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.18196/jgp.2012.0004
Jungherr, A., & Jürgens, P. (2010). The Political Click: Political Participation through E-Petitions in Germany. Policy & Internet, 2(4), 131–165. https://doi.org/10.2202/1944-2866.1084
Kusumaningrum, A., Bachtiar, R., & Listiningrum, P. (2019). Improving Indonesia’s Commitment to Open Government Through Online Petition. Indonesian Journal of International Law, 16(2), 273–298. https://doi.org/10.17304/ijil.vol16.2.762
Leston-Bandeira, C. (2019). Parliamentary petitions and public engagement: An empirical analysis of the role of e-petitions. Policy & Politics, 47(3), 415–436. https://doi.org/10.1332/030557319X15579230420117
Lindner, R., & Riehm, U. (2009). Electronic Petitions and Institutional Modernization. International Parliamentary E-Petition Systems in Comparative Perspective. JeDEM - EJournal of EDemocracy and Open Government, 1(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.29379/jedem.v1i1.3
Lubis, M., Kusumasari, T. F., & Hakim, L. (2018). The Indonesia Public Information Disclosure Act (UU-KIP): Its Challenges and Responses. International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE), 8(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v8i1.pp94-103
Morva, O. (2016). Are E-Petitions Operative for Change? On the Effectiveness and the Transformative Potential of E-Petitioning. In Proceedings of International Academic Conferences (Proceedings of International Academic Conferences). International Institute of Social and Economic Sciences. https://ideas.repec.org/p/sek/iacpro/3505977.html
Nurfitriyani, A. (2022). Kebijakan Jokowi dan Menterinya Kerap Tuai Kontroversi, Lebih Parah dari Masa Orde Baru Soeharto. Warta Ekonomi. https://wartaekonomi.co.id/read396057/kebijakan-jokowi-dan-menterinya-kerap-tuai-kontroversi-lebih-parah-dari-masa-orde-baru-soeharto
Oktaviani, S., & Sudibya, K. P. (2019). Pengaturan Petisi Online dalam Peraturan Perundang-Undangan Negara Republik Indonesia. Kertha Negara : Journal Ilmu Hukum, 7(8), 1–13.
RI, M. K. (2022). Rekapitulasi Perkara Perselisihan Hasil Pemilihan Umum. https://www.mkri.id/index.php?page=web.RekapPHPU&menu=4
Riskiyono, J. (2015). Partisipasi Masyarakat Dalam Pembentukan Perundang-Undangan Untuk Mewujudkan Kesejahteraan. Aspirasi: Jurnal Masalah-masalah Sosial, 6(2), Article 2. https://doi.org/10.46807/aspirasi.v6i2.511
Rojab, B. (2022). Aksi Demo Mahasiswa di DPR Ricuh Usai Insiden Pembakaran Sampah. Sindonews.Com. https://metro.sindonews.com/read/811329/170/aksi-demo-mahasiswa-di-dpr-ricuh-usai-insiden-pembakaran-sampah-1656410813
Samosir, D. (2016). Faktor-Faktor yang Menyebabkan Materi Muatan Undang-Undang Bertentangan Dengan UUD 1945. Jurnal Konstitusi, 12(4), Article 4. https://doi.org/10.31078/jk1246
Sari, H. P. (2022). Deretan Warga dan Tokoh yang Gugat UU IKN ke Mahkamah Konstitusi. Kompas.Com. https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2022/04/08/09091561/deretan-warga-dan-tokoh-yang-gugat-uu-ikn-ke-mahkamah-konstitusi?page=all
Sugiono, S. (2021). The Role of E-Government in Building Society 5.0: A Conceptual Review of Economics, Social, and Environmental Sustainability Aspect. Matra Pembaruan: Jurnal Inovasi Kebijakan, 5(2), Article 2. https://doi.org/10.21787/mp.5.2.2021.115-125
Sugiyono, S. (2015). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan R&D. ALFABETA.
Sundari, & Amalia, Z. (2020). Pembentukan Undang-Undang Cipta Kerja dalam Perspektif Demokrasi. Jurnal Rechten : Riset Hukum Dan Hak Asasi Manusia, 2(3), Article 3. https://doi.org/10.52005/rechten.v2i3.66
Taufiqurrohman, M. M., Priambudi, Z., & Octavia, A. N. (2021). Mengatur Petisi Di Dalam Peraturan Perundang-Undangan: Upaya Penguatan Posisi Masyarakat Terhadap Negara Dalam Kerangka Perlindungan Kebebasan Berpendapat. Jurnal Legislasi Indonesia, 18(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.54629/jli.v18i1.750
Urbinati, N. (2006). Representative democracy: Principles and genealogy. University of Chicago Press.
Van Veelen, B. (2018). Negotiating energy democracy in practice: Governance processes in community energy projects. Environmental Politics, 27(4), 644–665. https://doi.org/10.1080/09644016.2018.1427824
Wright, S. (2015). Populism and Downing Street E-petitions: Connective Action, Hybridity, and the Changing Nature of Organizing. Political Communication, 32(3), 414–433. https://doi.org/10.1080/10584609.2014.958256
Yahya, A. N. (2022). Peretasan Ponsel Koordinator Pusat BEM SI Dianggap sebagai Pelanggaran Konstitusi. Kompas.Com. https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2022/04/11/12151101/peretasan-ponsel-koordinator-pusat-bem-si-dianggap-sebagai-pelanggaran
Yamin, M. N., Hanifah, M., & Bakhtiar, B. (2021). Radikalisme di Kalangan Mahasiswa. SUPREMASI: Jurnal Pemikiran, Penelitian Ilmu-ilmu Sosial, Hukum dan Pengajarannya, 16(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.26858/supremasi.v16i1.14428
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2023-06-15
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