Penerapan Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi Potensial di Lanskap Budaya Subak di Provinsi Bali untuk Mewujudkan Pariwisata Keberlanjutan
Keywords:
TIK; Pariwisata; Keberlanjutan; Subak; Warisan Budaya.Abstract
ABSTRAK
Wisatawan dapat merasakan nilai lebih dari sebuah destinasi dengan adanya penerapan Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi (TIK) yang saat ini sedang digalakkan oleh pemerintah maupun pengelola tempat wisata di berbagai negara. Pariwisata Budaya adalah satu segmen pariwisata yang sedang banyak dikembangkan dan diintegrasikan dengan TIK. Destinasi Lanskap Budaya Subak yang merupakan Warisan Budaya UNESCO yang terletak di Bali adalah destinasi yang cukup banyak dikunjungi wisatawan, namun belum dilengkapi oleh TIK untuk menambah nilai maupun memberikan pengalaman lebih kepada wisatawan. Rancangan metode dalam menganalisa perangkat TIK dibutuhkan oleh destinasi wisata khususnya Lanskap Budaya Subak untuk memperkaya destinasi. Dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif, pertanyaan open-ended dapat disebarkan kepada wisatawan yang sudah mengunjungi semua destinasi Lanskap Budaya. Hasilnya adalah rancangan desain koding yang aplikasinya dapat digunakan untuk menentukan perangkat TIK yang dibutuhkan dengan tetap mengedepankan konsep pariwisata keberlanjutan.
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References
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Apostalakis, A., & Jaffry, S. (2005). A Choice Modeling Application for Greek Heritage Attractions. Journal of Travel Research, 43(February), 309–318. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287504272035
Blurton, C. (1999). New directions of ICT-use in education. Retrieved from http://www.unesco.org/education/ educprog/lwf/dl/edict.pdf BMWi.
Brotherton, B., & Himmetoglu, B. (1997). Beyond Destinations - Special Interest Tourism. Anatolia: An International Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Research, 8(3), 11–30. https://doi.org/10.1080/13032917.1997.9687118
Bogdanovych, A., Rodriguez-Aguilar, J. A., Simoff, S., & Cohen, A. (2010). Authentic interactive reenactment of cul- tural heritage with 3D virtual worlds and artificial intelligence. Applied Artificial Intelligence, 24(6), 617–647. doi:10. 1080/08839514.2010.492172
Brogni, A., Avizzano, C. A., Evangelista, C. & Bergamasco, M. (1999). Technological Approach for Cultural Heritage: Augmented Reality [online]. Pisa: Scuola Superiore S. Anna. Available from: http://www0.cs.ucl.ac.uk/staff/ucacaxb/publicdownload/1999_Brogni_TAF.pdf
Bryman A. (2012). Social research methods. (4th ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Buhalis, D. (2003). ETourism: Information technology for strategic tourism management. London: Pearson.
Chen, W., Zhang, M., Pan, Z., Liu, G., Shen, H., Chen, S., & Liu, Y. (2010). Animations, games and virtual reality for Jing-Hang grand canal. IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications, 30(3), 84–88. doi:10.1109/MCG.2010.49
Damiano, R., Gena, C., Lombardo, V., Nunnari, F., & Pizzo, A. (2008). A stroll with Carletto: Adaptation in drama- based tours with virtual characters. User Modeling& User-Adapted Interaction, 18(5), 417–453. doi:10.1007/s11257- 008-9053-1
Etxeberria, A. I., Asensio, M., Vicent, N., & Cuenca, J. M. (2012). Mobile devices: A tool for tourism and learning at archaeological sites. International Journal ofWeb Based Communities (IJWBC), 8(1), 57–72. doi:10.1504/IJWBC. 2012.044682
Garau, C. (2014). From territory to smartphone: Smart fruition of cultural heritage for dynamic tourism development. Planning, Practice & Research, 29(3), 238–255. doi:10.1080/02697459.2014.929837
Grainger Clemson, H. (2014). Trailfinders-curating an interactive city promenade experience with mobile phones. Digital Creativity, 25(4), 330–342. doi:10.1080/14626268.2014.904362
Hall, M., & Weiler, B. (1992). Introduction. What’s special about special interest tourims? In B. Weiler, & C.M. Hall (Eds.), Special interest tourism. Bellhaven Press.
Hausmann, A., & Weuster, L. (2018). Possible marketing tools for heritage tourism: the potential of implementing information and communication technology. Journal of Heritage Tourism, 13(3), 273–284. https://doi.org/10.1080/1743873X.2017.1334786
KrippendorffK. H. (2012). Content analysis: An introduction to its methodology (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.
Law, R., Leung, D., & Chan, I. C. C. (2019). Progression and development of information and communication technology research in hospitality and tourism: A state-of-the-art review. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-07-2018-0586
Lewis, G. (2009). The impact of ICT on customs. World Customs Journal, 3(1), 1–11. Retrieved from http:// worldcustomsjournal.org/Archives/Volume%203,%20Number%201%20(Apr%202009)/02%20Lewis.pdf
Lee, S. J., & Bai, B. (2016). Influence of popular culture on special interest tourists’ destination image. Tourism Management, 52, 161–169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2015.06.019
Li, Y., & Hunter, C. (2015). Community involvement for sustainable heritage tourism : a conceptual model. Journal of Cultural Heritage Management and Sustainable Development, 5(3), 248–262. https://doi.org/10.1108/JCHMSD-08-2014-0027
Mariani, M. M., Baggio, R., Buhalis, D., & Longhi, C. (2014). Tourism management, marketing and development (The Importance of Networks and ICTs, Vol. 1). New York: Palgrave MacMillan. Mason
Mckercher, B., & Chan, A. (2005). How Special Is Special Interest Tourism ? Journal of Travel Research, 44(August), 21–31. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287505276588
Nuryanti, W. (1996). Heritage and postmodern tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 23(2), 249–260. https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(95)00062-3
Pantano, E., & Servidio, R. (2010). An exploratory study of the role of pervasive environments for promotion of tour- ism destinations. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology, 2(1), 50–65. doi:10.1108/17579881111112412
Ruggieri, G., & Calò, P. (2018). ICT and tourism impacts in islands. Ecocycles, 4(2), 4–11. https://doi.org/10.19040/ecocycles.v4i2.102
Stebbins, R. A. (1982). Serious Leisure: A Conceptual Statement. The Pasific Sociological Review, 25(2), 251–272.
Trauer, B. (2006). Conceptualizing special interest tourism - Frameworks for analysis. Tourism Management, 27(2), 183–200.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2004.10.004
Tscheu, F., & Buhalis, D. (2016). Augmented Reality at Cultural Heritage sites. Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism, 1, 607–619. https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2015/b21/s7.018
Vasavada, F., & Kour, G. (2016). Heritage Tourism: How Advertising is Branding the Intangibles? Journal of Heritage Management, 1(1), 22–34. https://doi.org/10.1177/2455929616640688
Yin, R. K. (2015). Qualitative research from start to finish (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
Published
2019-11-25
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