Revitalizing Justice: Empowering Juvenile Sexual Offenders through a Restorative Approach in Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37253/jjr.v25i1.7537Keywords:
Restorative Justice, Sexual Offense, MinorsAbstract
Sexual offense is a serious crime which could pose significant negative impacts on personal level and community. When committed by minors, sexual offense becomes a much more complicated problem and raises many different intricacies. Despite being a popular topic within the legal sphere, restorative justice in Indonesia still has research gap, particularly on the focus of applying restorative justice measures for juvenile sexual offenders. The purpose of this research is to address this research gap and analyze the potentials of using the restorative justice approach to deal with sexual offense cases committed by minors, with the focus of impacts, recovery, and preventing future recidivism. Using the normative legal research method his research dives into the Indonesian legal system to uncover the legal problems that may hinder or discourage people from using this approach, despite the potentials benefits it possesses. Through the statutory approach, this research finds the links within the relevant laws and regulations that may or may not support the use of restorative justice approach to deal with juvenile sexual offenders. The analysis of this finds that the restorative justice approach is indeed beneficial and can help Indonesia in dealing with this issue by not only focusing on delivering justice and recovery the victims, but also holding offenders responsible without sacrificing their youth development and their future.
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References
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Arief, H., & Ambarsari, N. (2018). Penerapan Prinsip Restorative Justice Dalam Sistem Peradilan Pidana Di Indonesia. Al-Adl : Jurnal Hukum, 10(2), 173. https://doi.org/10.31602/al-adl.v10i2.1362
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Bogetic, D., & Jugovic, A. (2019). Theoretical model of social development in explaining the occurrence of adolescent sexual offense. Specijalna Edukacija i Rehabilitacija, 18(4), 445–474. https://doi.org/10.5937/specedreh%v-24643
Budoyo, S., & Kumala Sari, R. (2019). Eksistensi Restorative Justice Sebagai Tujuan Pelaksanaan Diversi Pada Sistem Peradilan Anak Di Indonesia. Jurnal Meta Yuridis, 2(2), 79–90. https://doi.org/10.26877/m-y.v2i2.4689
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Caldwell, M. F., & Caldwell, B. M. (2022). The age of redemption for adolescents who were adjudicated for sexual misconduct. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 28(2), 167–178. https://doi.org/10.1037/law0000343
Eddyono, S. W. (2021). Restorative Justice for Victim’s Rights on Sexual Violence: Tension in Law and Policy Reform in Indonesia. Journal of Southeast Asian Human Rights, 5(2), 176–201. https://doi.org/10.19184/jseahr.v5i2.28011
Flora, H. S. (2018). Keadilan Restoratif Sebagai Alternatif Dalam Penyelesaian Tindak Pidana Dan Pengaruhnya Dalam Sistem Peradilan Pidana Di Indonesia. University Of Bengkulu Law Journal, 3(2), 142–158. https://doi.org/10.33369/ubelaj.3.2.142-158
Gang, D., Loff, B., Naylor, B., & Kirkman, M. (2021). A Call for Evaluation of Restorative Justice Programs. Trauma, Violence, and Abuse, 22(1), 186–190. https://doi.org/10.1177/1524838019833003
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Mahendra, I. G. A. P. (2022). Upaya Kepolisian Negara Republik Indonesia Dalam Menanggulangi Tindak Pidana Pencurian Yang Dilakukan Pelaku Di Bawah Umur Dengan Penerapan Asas Restorative Justice. JURNAL HUKUM MEDIA JUSTITIA NUSANTARA, 12(1), 99–145. https://doi.org/10.30999/mjn.v12i1.2061
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Muhaimin, M. (2019). Restoratif Justice dalam Penyelesaian Tindak Pidana Ringan. Jurnal Penelitian Hukum De Jure, 19(2), 185. https://doi.org/10.30641/dejure.2019.V19.185-206
Murhula, P. B. B., & Tolla, A. D. (2020). The effectiveness of restorative justice practices on victims of crime: Evidence from South Africa. International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy, 9(3). https://doi.org/10.5204/IJCJSD.1511
Naidoo, L., & Van Hout, M. C. (2022). Understanding child sex offending trajectories in South Africa: from victimisation to perpetration. Journal of Sexual Aggression, 28(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/13552600.2021.1936230
Okoh, C. (2021). Asking for Young Offenders: What is the Fate of Restorative Justice within Nigeria’s Discretionary Diversion Policy? Strathmore Law Review, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.52907/slr.v6i1.161
Peleg-Koriat, I., & Klar-Chalamish, C. (2020). The #MeToo movement and restorative justice: exploring the views of the public. Contemporary Justice Review: Issues in Criminal, Social, and Restorative Justice, 23(3). https://doi.org/10.1080/10282580.2020.1783257
Permatasari, M., & Ma’ruf, U. (2021). Implementation of Legal Protection Against The Criminal Acts of Children & Witnesses in The Criminal Action of Stealing. Law Development Journal, 2(4), 565. https://doi.org/10.30659/ldj.2.4.565-572
Pradityo, R. (2016). Restorative Justice dalam Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak. Jurnal Hukum Dan Peradilan, 5(3), 319. https://doi.org/10.25216/jhp.5.3.2016.319-330
Schoeneberg, C. (2018). Nurturing Strengths: Protective Factors and Attachment among Adjudicated Adolescents Who Sexually Offend. In ProQuest Dissertations and Theses.
Schoeneberg, C., Underwood, L., Newmeyer, M., & Gomez, M. (2020). Protective Factors and Sub-Groups of Sexually Offending Adolescents: Implications for Conceptualization and Practice. Journal of Child and Adolescent Counseling, 6(3), 149–165. https://doi.org/10.1080/23727810.2020.1835416
Silaswaty Faried, F., Mahmud, H., & Suparwi, S. (2022). Mainstreaming Restorative Justice in Termination of Prosecution in Indonesia. Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System, 2(1). https://doi.org/10.53955/jhcls.v2i1.31
Sparks, B., & Wormith, J. S. (2021). Assessing attitudes toward juveniles and adults adjudicated for sexual offenses in Canada: does offender age matter? Journal of Sexual Aggression, 27(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/13552600.2020.1751888
Strout, J., Vasudevan, D., & Shah, R. S. (2021). Protecting Youth From Themselves: The Overcriminalization of Consensual Sexual Behavior Between Adolescents. Children’s Legal Rights Journal, 40(1), 1–24.
Tan, D. (2021). Metode Penelitian Hukum: Mengupas dan Mengulasi Metodologi dalam Menyelenggarakan Penelitian Hukum. Nusantara: Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial, 8(8), 2463–2478.
Vieth, V. I. (2022). Recognizing and Responding to Developmentally Appropriate and Inappropriate Sexual Behaviors of Children: A Primer for Parents, Youth Serving Organizations, Schools, Child Protection Professionals, and Courts BT - Handbook of Interpersonal Violence and Ab. In R. Geffner, J. W. White, L. K. Hamberger, A. Rosenbaum, V. Vaughan-Eden, & V. I. Vieth (Eds.), Handbook of Interpersonal Violence and Abuse Across the Lifespan (pp. 809–830). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-89999-2_27
Zgourides, G., Monto, M., & Harris, R. (1997). Correlates of Adolescent Male Sexual Offense: Prior Adult Sexual Contact, Sexual Attitudes, and Use of Sexually Explicit Materials. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 41(3), 272–283. https://doi.org/10.1177/0306624X97413006
Arief, H., & Ambarsari, N. (2018). Penerapan Prinsip Restorative Justice Dalam Sistem Peradilan Pidana Di Indonesia. Al-Adl : Jurnal Hukum, 10(2), 173. https://doi.org/10.31602/al-adl.v10i2.1362
Armstrong, L. M. (2021). Is Restorative Justice an Effective Approach in Responding to Children and Young People Who Sexually Harm? Laws, 10(4), 86. https://doi.org/10.3390/laws10040086
Bogetic, D., & Jugovic, A. (2019). Theoretical model of social development in explaining the occurrence of adolescent sexual offense. Specijalna Edukacija i Rehabilitacija, 18(4), 445–474. https://doi.org/10.5937/specedreh%v-24643
Budoyo, S., & Kumala Sari, R. (2019). Eksistensi Restorative Justice Sebagai Tujuan Pelaksanaan Diversi Pada Sistem Peradilan Anak Di Indonesia. Jurnal Meta Yuridis, 2(2), 79–90. https://doi.org/10.26877/m-y.v2i2.4689
Bustnay, T. G. (2020). Group Intervention with Parents of Juvenile Sex Offenders. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 29(3). https://doi.org/10.1080/10538712.2019.1639093
Caldwell, M. F., & Caldwell, B. M. (2022). The age of redemption for adolescents who were adjudicated for sexual misconduct. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 28(2), 167–178. https://doi.org/10.1037/law0000343
Eddyono, S. W. (2021). Restorative Justice for Victim’s Rights on Sexual Violence: Tension in Law and Policy Reform in Indonesia. Journal of Southeast Asian Human Rights, 5(2), 176–201. https://doi.org/10.19184/jseahr.v5i2.28011
Flora, H. S. (2018). Keadilan Restoratif Sebagai Alternatif Dalam Penyelesaian Tindak Pidana Dan Pengaruhnya Dalam Sistem Peradilan Pidana Di Indonesia. University Of Bengkulu Law Journal, 3(2), 142–158. https://doi.org/10.33369/ubelaj.3.2.142-158
Gang, D., Loff, B., Naylor, B., & Kirkman, M. (2021). A Call for Evaluation of Restorative Justice Programs. Trauma, Violence, and Abuse, 22(1), 186–190. https://doi.org/10.1177/1524838019833003
Grattagliano, I., Craig, F., Lisi, A., Pierri, G., Stallone, V., Margari, L., Lecce, P., Lafortezza, E., Pinto, F., Pisani, R., Zagaria, G., Tangari, D., & Margari, F. (2018). Awareness of the offense and perception of the victim among juvenile sex offenders. Clinica Terapeutica, 169(4), 155–164. https://doi.org/10.7417/T.2018.2072
Hobson, J., Twyman-Ghoshal, A., Banwell-Moore, R., & Ash, D. P. (2022). Restorative Justice, Youth Violence, and Policing: A Review of the Evidence. Laws, 11(4), 62–82. https://doi.org/10.3390/laws11040062
Kettrey, H. H., & Lipsey, M. W. (2018). The effects of specialized treatment on the recidivism of juvenile sex offenders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Experimental Criminology, 14(3), 361–387. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11292-018-9329-3
Lasmadi, S., Sari, R. K., & Disemadi, H. S. (2020). Restorative Justice Approach as an Alternative Companion of the Criminal Justice System in Indonesia. Proceedings of the International Conference on Law, Economics and Health (ICLEH 2020). https://doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.200513.044
Li, E., & Su, M. (2020). From Punishment to Control: Assessing Juvenile Diversion in China. Law & Social Inquiry, 45(2), 372–397. https://doi.org/DOI: 10.1017/lsi.2019.70
Mahendra, I. G. A. P. (2022). Upaya Kepolisian Negara Republik Indonesia Dalam Menanggulangi Tindak Pidana Pencurian Yang Dilakukan Pelaku Di Bawah Umur Dengan Penerapan Asas Restorative Justice. JURNAL HUKUM MEDIA JUSTITIA NUSANTARA, 12(1), 99–145. https://doi.org/10.30999/mjn.v12i1.2061
Mohammad, T., & Azman, A. (2021). ‘Do i want to face the offender?’: Malaysian victims’ motivation for participating in restorative justice. Contemporary Justice Review: Issues in Criminal, Social, and Restorative Justice, 24(3). https://doi.org/10.1080/10282580.2021.1881892
Muhaimin, M. (2019). Restoratif Justice dalam Penyelesaian Tindak Pidana Ringan. Jurnal Penelitian Hukum De Jure, 19(2), 185. https://doi.org/10.30641/dejure.2019.V19.185-206
Murhula, P. B. B., & Tolla, A. D. (2020). The effectiveness of restorative justice practices on victims of crime: Evidence from South Africa. International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy, 9(3). https://doi.org/10.5204/IJCJSD.1511
Naidoo, L., & Van Hout, M. C. (2022). Understanding child sex offending trajectories in South Africa: from victimisation to perpetration. Journal of Sexual Aggression, 28(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/13552600.2021.1936230
Okoh, C. (2021). Asking for Young Offenders: What is the Fate of Restorative Justice within Nigeria’s Discretionary Diversion Policy? Strathmore Law Review, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.52907/slr.v6i1.161
Peleg-Koriat, I., & Klar-Chalamish, C. (2020). The #MeToo movement and restorative justice: exploring the views of the public. Contemporary Justice Review: Issues in Criminal, Social, and Restorative Justice, 23(3). https://doi.org/10.1080/10282580.2020.1783257
Permatasari, M., & Ma’ruf, U. (2021). Implementation of Legal Protection Against The Criminal Acts of Children & Witnesses in The Criminal Action of Stealing. Law Development Journal, 2(4), 565. https://doi.org/10.30659/ldj.2.4.565-572
Pradityo, R. (2016). Restorative Justice dalam Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak. Jurnal Hukum Dan Peradilan, 5(3), 319. https://doi.org/10.25216/jhp.5.3.2016.319-330
Schoeneberg, C. (2018). Nurturing Strengths: Protective Factors and Attachment among Adjudicated Adolescents Who Sexually Offend. In ProQuest Dissertations and Theses.
Schoeneberg, C., Underwood, L., Newmeyer, M., & Gomez, M. (2020). Protective Factors and Sub-Groups of Sexually Offending Adolescents: Implications for Conceptualization and Practice. Journal of Child and Adolescent Counseling, 6(3), 149–165. https://doi.org/10.1080/23727810.2020.1835416
Silaswaty Faried, F., Mahmud, H., & Suparwi, S. (2022). Mainstreaming Restorative Justice in Termination of Prosecution in Indonesia. Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System, 2(1). https://doi.org/10.53955/jhcls.v2i1.31
Sparks, B., & Wormith, J. S. (2021). Assessing attitudes toward juveniles and adults adjudicated for sexual offenses in Canada: does offender age matter? Journal of Sexual Aggression, 27(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/13552600.2020.1751888
Strout, J., Vasudevan, D., & Shah, R. S. (2021). Protecting Youth From Themselves: The Overcriminalization of Consensual Sexual Behavior Between Adolescents. Children’s Legal Rights Journal, 40(1), 1–24.
Tan, D. (2021). Metode Penelitian Hukum: Mengupas dan Mengulasi Metodologi dalam Menyelenggarakan Penelitian Hukum. Nusantara: Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial, 8(8), 2463–2478.
Vieth, V. I. (2022). Recognizing and Responding to Developmentally Appropriate and Inappropriate Sexual Behaviors of Children: A Primer for Parents, Youth Serving Organizations, Schools, Child Protection Professionals, and Courts BT - Handbook of Interpersonal Violence and Ab. In R. Geffner, J. W. White, L. K. Hamberger, A. Rosenbaum, V. Vaughan-Eden, & V. I. Vieth (Eds.), Handbook of Interpersonal Violence and Abuse Across the Lifespan (pp. 809–830). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-89999-2_27
Zgourides, G., Monto, M., & Harris, R. (1997). Correlates of Adolescent Male Sexual Offense: Prior Adult Sexual Contact, Sexual Attitudes, and Use of Sexually Explicit Materials. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 41(3), 272–283. https://doi.org/10.1177/0306624X97413006
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2023-06-12
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