Positive Fictitious Decisions and Administrative Silence in Land Services: A Study of the National Land Agency in West Sumatra
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37253/jlpt.v11i1.12424Keywords:
Administrative Silence, Land Services, Positive Fictitious Decision, West SumatraAbstract
Land administration services constitute a form of public service playing a strategic role in providing legal certainty regarding the public's land rights. However, the actual delivery of land services in Indonesia is frequently marred by various forms of maladministration, ranging from protracted delays and a failure to provide service to procedural irregularities. This situation reflects a phenomenon of “administrative silence” that potentially harms the public and leads to legal violations. Under Indonesian administrative law, this phenomenon is addressed through the concept of the "fictitious-positive decision" (deemed approval) stipulated in Article 53 of Law Number 30 of 2014 concerning Government Administration; in principle, this deems a public request for a permit to be granted if a government official fails to issue a decision within the timeframe prescribed by legislation. This study aims to analyze the application of the fictitious-positive decision mechanism regarding administrative silence in land services. It employs a normative-empirical legal research method, utilizing statutory, conceptual, and case-based approaches. The findings indicate that the most prevalent forms of maladministration in land services in West Sumatra are protracted delays and a failure to provide service. Implementing the fictitious-positive decision mechanism in land services proves ineffective due to the complex nature of these services, which involve physical and legal verification, technical surveying, and a high potential for disputes. Furthermore, the existence of “ulayat land” (customary communal land) within the Minangkabau customary legal system prolongs administrative processes, given its communal ownership structure and the requirement for approval from various parties within the customary community. Consequently, the study concludes that a policy reformulation regarding fictitious-positive decisions in the land sector is necessary, specifically through the introduction of more detailed, sector-specific regulations.
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