Menggagas Pengaturan dan Penerapan Central Bank Digital Currency di Indonesia: Bingkai Ius Constituendum
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37253/jjr.v23i2.5014Keywords:
Central Bank Digital Currency, Manfaat, Risiko, Tata KelolaAbstract
Bank Indonesia has the desire to create a digital representation of money which is a symbol of its country's sovereignty called the Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC). However, CBDC also presents risks, especially in the legal aspects in Indonesia. The purpose of this paper is to complement the shortcomings of previous studies by carefully examining how ideally the governance and implementation of CBDC is in Indonesia, in the ius costituendum frame. The method used is normative juridical which is qualitative in nature based on library research. Data sources come from secondary data sources and tertiary data. The data were analyzed using a deductive mindset with descriptive and analytical methods. The results of the study are that the implementation of CBDC requires governance in the field of law, technology infrastructure readiness and community readiness as well as governance regarding the supervision and stability of CBDC values in Indonesi. An important conclusion from this study is the need for a legal product that regulates the implementation and protection of the community in the use of CDBC in Indonesia.
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References
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Barontini, C., & Holden, H. (2019). Proceeding with Caution-a Survey on Central Bank Digital Currency. BIS Papers No. 101, 12.
Bossu, W., Itatani, M., Margulis, C., Rossi, A., Weenink, H., & Yoshinaga, A. (2020). Legal Aspects of Central Bank Digital Currency: Central Bank and Monetary Law Considerations. IMF Working Papers, 20(254). https://doi.org/10.5089/9781513561622.001
Chang, S. E. (2019). Legal Status of Cryptocurrency in Indonesia and Legal Analysis of the Business Activities in Terms of Cryptocurrency. Brawijaya Law Journal, 6(1), 76–93. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.blj.2019.006.01.06
Dwicaksana, H., Fakultas, M., Universitas, H., Maret, S., Fakultas, D., Universitas, H., & Maret, S. (2020). Akibat hukum yang ditimbulkan mengenai cryptocurrency sebagai alat pembayaran di Indonesia. Jurnal Privat Law, VIII(2), 187–193.
Fatarib, H., & Sali, M. A. (2021). CRYPTOCURRENCY AND DIGITAL MONEY IN ISLAMIC LAW: Is it Legal? Jurisdictie, 11(2), 237–261. https://doi.org/10.18860/j.v11i2.8687
Handyani, O., Adawiah, R. Al, Sulistyono, A., & Pamungkas, A. J. (2020). Analisis Pasar Bersangkutan Dalam Hukum Persaingan Usaha Pada Era Disrupsi 4.0 (Bisnis Online Versus Bisnis Konvensional). Soematera Law Review, 3(2), 55.
Harahap, B. A., Idham, P. B., Kusuma, A. C. M., & Rakhman, R. N. (2017). Perkembangan Financial Technology Terkait Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) Terhadap Transmisi Kebijakan Moneter Dan Makroekonomi. Bank Indonesia, 2, 1–80.
Hasan, A. (2005). Mata Uang Islami: Telaah Komprehensif Sistem Keuangan Islami. Jakarta: RajaGrafindo.
Horvathova, A. (2018). Fintech as a Facilitator for the Capital Market Union? SSRN Electronic Journal, 63(15), 18. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3232710
Khasanah, Z. S. U., & Farida, Y. (2020). Analisis performa mata uang virtual (Cryptocurrency) menggunakan metode preference ranking organization method for enrichment evaluation (PROMETHEE). Rekayasa, 14(1), 1–9. Diambil dari http://digilib.uinsby.ac.id/42783/
Kochergin, D. A., & Yangirova, A. I. (2019). Central bank Digital Currencies: Key Characteristics and Directions of Influence on Monetary and Credit and Payment Systems. Finance: Theory and Practice, 23(4), 80–98. https://doi.org/10.26794/2587-5671-2019-23-4-80-98
Krisna Wijaya. (2019). Mata uang digital bank sentral. SERIAL BERBAGI TEKNOLOGI DAN KEUANGAN, A.II(April), 1–5.
Kusuma, T. (2020). Cryptocurrency dalam Perdagangan Berjangka Komoditi di Indonesia Perspektif Hukum Islam. Tsaqafah, 16(1), 109. https://doi.org/10.21111/tsaqafah.v16i1.3663
Le, K. (2021). Crypto assets should be regulated as “alternative investmentsâ€, China’s central bank officials said. Diambil dari Forkast website: https://forkast.news/crypto-assets-china-bitcoin/
Louie, B., Wang, M. O., Herrington, & LLP, S. (2021). China’s Digital Currency and What This Could Mean For Foreign Companies and Financial Institutions in China. Diambil dari JDSUPRA website: https://www.jdsupra.com/legalnews/china-s-digital-currency-and-what-this-7987963/#_ftn1
Marini, Linawati, & Putra, R. E. (2020). Peran Fintech terhadap Inklusi Keuangan pada UMKM Tangerang Selatan. Keberlanjutan: Jurnal Manajemen dan Jurnal Akuntansi, 5(2), 91–104. Diambil dari https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ferry_Irawan4/publication/346880010_Analisis_Perbandingan_Nilai_Entitas_Sebelum_dan_Sesudah_Dilakukannya_Penerapan_Financial_Technology_oleh_PT_Bank_Negara_Indonesia_Tbk/links/5fd1b293a6fdcc697bf2ad20/Analisis-Perbandi
Mikelsten, D., Teigens, V., & Skalfist, P. (2020). Kecerdasan Buatan: Revolusi Industri Keempat (1 ed.). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Stanford Books.
Njatrijani, R. (2019). Perkembangan Regulasi Dan Pengawasan Financial Technology di Indonesia. Diponegoro Private Law Review, 4(1), 462–474. Diambil dari https://ejournal2.undip.ac.id/index.php/dplr/article/view/5109
Purnawan, M. E., & Riyanti, R. (2019). Significant Effect of the Central Bank Digital Currency on the Design of Monetary Policy. Jurnal Ekonomi Indonesia , 8(1), 125–151. Diambil dari http://jurnal.isei.or.id/index.php/isei/article/view/15
Rodin, B. K., Ganiev, R. G., & Orazov, S. T. (2019). «Fintech» in digitalization of banking services. International Scientific and Practical on Digital Economy, 105(ISCDE), 165–168. https://doi.org/10.2991/iscde-19.2019.31
Ronny Hanitijo Soemitro. (1985). Metode Penelitian Hukum. Jakarta: Ghalia Indonesia.
Sidorenko, E. L., Sheveleva, S. V., & Lykov, A. A. (2021). Legal and Economic Implications of Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDC). In Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60929-0_63
Soekanto, S., & Mamudji, S. (2007). Penelitian Hukum Normatif Suatu Tinjauan Singkat. Jakarta: Sinar Raja Grafindo Persada.
Tampi, M. M. (2019). Menakar Progresivitas Teknologi Finansial (Fintech) Dalam Hukum Bisnis Di Indonesia. Era Hukum - Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Hukum, 16(2), 246–281. https://doi.org/10.24912/erahukum.v16i2.4529
Tan, J. (2020). Digital Currency - Lesson from China. Diambil dari Quest Ventures. website: https://www.questventures.com/perspectives/publications/digital-currency-lessons-from-china/
Triantono, H. B., & Aryusmar. (2017). Needs Analysis of Fintech in Financial Services toward Industry-4.0 Era in Indonesia. Journal Of International Conference Proceedings, 2(3), 1543.
Viñuela, C., Sapena, J., & Wandosell, G. (2020). The future of money and the central bank digital currency dilemma. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(22), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12229697
Ward, O., & Rochemont, S. (2019). An addendum to “ A Cashless Society- Benefits , Risks and Issues ( Interim paper )†Understanding Central Bank Digital Currencies ( CBDC ) By Orla Ward Sabrina Rochemont. Diambil dari https://www.actuaries.org.uk/system/files/field/document/Understanding CBDCs Final - disc.pdf
Windiastuti, F. C., & Athief, F. H. N. (2019). Inacoin Cryptocurrency Analysis: An Islamic Law Perspective. Journal of Islamic Economic Laws, 2(2), 152–177. https://doi.org/10.23917/jisel.v2i2.8585
Xu, J. (2020). China’s Digital Currency Revolution and Implications for International Business Strategy. London School of Economics Business Review, 4(August).
Yustianti, S., & Roesli, M. (2018). Bank Indonesia Policy in the National Banking Crisis Resolution. Yurisdiksi Jurnal Wacana Hukum dan Sains, 11(2), 77–90.
Zhang, L. (2020). Regulation of Cryptocurrency: China. Law Library Of Congress. Diambil dari Library Of Congress Law website: https://www.loc.gov/law/help/cryptocurrency/china.php#II
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