Deferred Prosecution Agreements as an Alternative for Corporate Corruption Cases: A Study on Infrastructure Procurement in Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37253/barjoules.v3i1.12095Keywords:
Deferred Prosecution Agreement, Corporate Corruption, Infrastructure, Indonesia, Legal ReformAbstract
Corruption is an extraordinary crime that has severe implications for state finances, undermines social stability, weakens the integrity of state institutions, and hinders national development. In practice, corruption is not only committed by individuals but also by corporations, particularly in strategic national projects such as infrastructure development, which often involve large budgets and systemic impacts. Although Indonesia has established a legal framework to hold corporations accountable for corruption, the effectiveness of conventional criminal prosecution mechanisms remains questionable, especially in terms of recovering lost state assets. Therefore, there is an urgent need to adopt an alternative approach that balances strict law enforcement, optimal recovery of state losses, and economic sustainability. One promising option is the Deferred Prosecution Agreement (DPA) This study employs a normative juridical method by analyzing positive legal norms and international comparative practices, particularly the implementation of DPAs in the United States and the United Kingdom. The main findings reveal that DPA is an alternative legal instrument oriented toward restorative justice, allowing case resolution without full litigation, provided that the offender admits wrongdoing and returns the state’s losses. The key argument is that DPA can be integrated into Indonesia’s criminal justice reform, as long as it is explicitly regulated in national legislation. Academically, this research contributes to the discourse on the development of corporate criminal law. Practically, the DPA has the potential to expedite the recovery of state losses, prevent further economic harm, and enhance the effectiveness of law enforcement against corporations involved in corruption.
Downloads
References
Faridzi, M. A., & Nachrawi, G. (2022). Kualifikasi Kejahatan Luar Biasa Terhadap Tindak Pidana Korupsi (Putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 301 K/Pid.Sus/2021). Jurnal Kewarganegaraan, 06(02), 3016. https://doi.org/10.31316/jk.v6i2.3244
Alfianda, R., Risardi, M., Amin, M., Maulida, R., & Zahra Albayani, A. (2024). Tindak Pidana Korupsi dan Pertanggungjawaban Korporasi. WATHAN: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Humaniora. 1(1), 64–75. https://jurnal.fanshurinstitute.org/index.php/wathan|64
Alhakim, A., & Chai, V. D. (2023). Analisis Yuridis Terkait Tindak Pidana Korupsi Terkait Dengan Pendistribusian Pupuk Bersubsidi di Indonesia. https://jatim.solopos.com/korupsi-pupuk-subsidi-eks-kasi-distan-madiun-ketua-koperasi-jadi-tersangka-1473302.
Burrohim, H. (2022). Pengembalian Kerugian Keuangan Negara Melalui Perjanjian Penundaan Penuntutan Dalam Tindak Pidana Korupsi Oleh Korporasi. In Jurnal Rechtens 02(01), https://doi.org/10.56013/rechtens.v11i1.1137
Crown Prosecusion Service. (2023). First ever CPS deferred prosecution agreement for £615 million. Crown Prosecution Service. https://www.cps.gov.uk/cps/news/first-ever-cps-deferred-prosecution-agreement-ps615-million
Faturachman, F. A., Hutasoit, T. J. E., & Hosnah, A. U. (2024). Pertanggungjawaban dan Penegakan Hukum Pidana Korporasi dalam Tindak Pidana Korupsi di Indonesia. Jurnal Mahasiswa Humanis, 4(2), 197. https://doi.org/10.37481/jmh.v4i2.731
Ferdian, A. (2021). Konsep Deferred Prosecution Agreement (DPA) Dalam Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Korporasi Sebagai Bentuk Alternatif Penyelesaian Sengketa.
Gottschalk, P. (2024). Deferred prosecution agreements as miscarriage of justice: An exploratory study of corporate convenience. Journal of Economic Criminology, 4, 100059. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeconc.2024.100059
Hasoloan, R. J., Larasati, M. G. D., Yusuf, F. E., Imantria, D. B., & Sulistyawati, N. (2022). The Spirit of the Anti-Corruption Movement in the Campus Environment Through Various Community Creativity Social Media Movements. Journal of Creativity Student, 7(2), 283–310. https://doi.org/10.15294/jcs.v7i2.38207
Hestaria, H., Hartono, S., & Setianto, J. (2022). Tinjauan Yuridis Penerapan Prinsip Restorative Justrice Terhadap Tindak Pidana Korupsi Dalam Rangka Penyelamatan Keuangan Negara. In Journal Komunikasi Yustisia Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha Program Studi Ilmu Hukum (Vol. 5). https://ejournal.undiksha.ac.id/index.php/jatayu/article/view/51892
Iqbal, A. (2020). Penerapan Deferred Prosecution Agreement di Indonesia Sebagai Alternatif Penyelesaian Tindak Pidana Ekonomi Yang Dilakukan Oleh Korporasi. 7(1), 191–208. https://doi.org/10.35586/jyur.v7i1.1867
Jacobson, B. (2023). SFO secures first conviction for individual connected to Deferred Prosecution Agreement. Financial Crime Watch - May 2023. https://www.brownejacobson.com/insights/financial-crime-watch-may-2023/first-sfo-deferred-prosecution-agreement-conviction
Daud, K. R., & Frans, M. P. (2025). Deferred Prosecution Agreement (DPA): Model Keadilan Bagi Korporasi dan Negara dalam Tindak Pidana Pajak. Jurnal Hukum Lex Generalis, 5(7). https://ojs.rewangrencang.com/index.php/JHLG/article/view/583
Mahfoedz, H. (2021). Pidana Mati Sebagai Sarana Extra Ordinary Dalam Memberantas Tindak Pidana Korupsi. 4(2), 2021. https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20210128134510-12-599524/ranking-indeks-korupsi-indonesia-merosot-urutan-
Parker, M. J., & Dodge, M. (2023). An exploratory study of deferred prosecution agreements and the adjudication of corporate crime. Journal of Financial Crime, 30(4), 940–954. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFC-06-2022-0122
Perez, M. A. (2020). The rise and globalization of negotiated settlements: How an American procedure, the Deferred Prosecution Agreement (DPA), became a transnational key tool to fight transnational corporate crimes. Rule of Law and Anti-Corruption Center Journal, 2020(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.5339/rolacc.2020.4
Rahma Yani, F. (2023). PEMBERANTASAN KORUPSI MENURUT FIQH SIYASAH. Jurnal Sains Student Research, 1(2). https://doi.org/10.61722/jssr.v1i2.389
Rasyidi, M. A. (2020). Korupsi Adalah Suatu Perbuatan Tindak Pidana Yang Merugikan Negara dan Rakyat Serta Melanggar Ajaran Agama.
Reuters. (2023). Goldman Sachs and its role in the multi-billion dollar 1MDB scandal. REGULATIONS. https://www.thejakartapost.com/business/2023/10/12/goldman-sachs-and-its-role-in-the-multi-billion-dollar-1mdb-scandal.html
Richie Sanjaya Putra. (2024). Tinjauan Yuridis Restorative Justice pada Kasus Korupsi SPPD Fiktif KKR Aceh Ditinjau dari Undang-Undang Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Korupsi. Aliansi: Jurnal Hukum, Pendidikan Dan Sosial Humaniora, 1(4), 42–71. https://doi.org/10.62383/aliansi.v1i4.274
Rizal, P. M. (2023). Evaluasi Penggunaan Restorative Justice dalam Kasus Korupsi dalam Rangka Menyelamatkan Keuangan Negara.
Rosdiana, H., Tambunan, M. R. U. D., & Hifni, I. (2020). Penyempurnaan Hukum Formal Perpajakan Terkait Tata Cara Perpajakan. Kanun Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, 22(2), 215–240. https://doi.org/10.24815/kanun.v22i2.13441
Sinaga, M. R. (2020). Konsep Deffered Prosecution Agreement (DPA) Dalam Upaya Pemberantasan Korupsi Oleh Korporasi Di Indonesia. In Jurnal Ilmu Hukm (Vol. 6). https://doi.org/10.30596/dll.v6i1.5538
Sitepu, R. I., & Hermawan, R. (2019). Pendekatan Restorative Justice Dalam Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Korupsi (Vol. 1).
Sriwidodo, J., & Sulastri Dewi, D. (2023). Penerapan Restorative Justice Tindak Pidana Korupsi Dengan Nominal Kecil Dalam Sistem Peradilan Pidana di Indonesia.
StandfordLawSchool. (2021). 2021 FCPA Year in Review. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act Clearinghouse. https://fcpa.stanford.edu/fcpac-reports/2021-fcpa-year-in-review.pdf
Suganda, R. (2022). Metode Pendekatan Yuridis Dalam Memahami Sistem Penyelesaian Sengketa Ekonomi Syariah. Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Islam, 8(3), 2859. https://doi.org/10.29040/jiei.v8i3.6485
Sulantoro, M. A. (2021). Penerapan Prinsip Keadilan Restoratif Pada Tindak Pidana Korupsi Dalam Rangka Penyelamatan Keuangan Negara. In Murpraptono Adhi (Vol. 1). https://scholarhub.ui.ac.id/dharmasisyaAvailableat:https://scholarhub.ui.ac.id/dharmasisya/vol1/iss2/26
Taniady, V., Triana Ohoiwutun, Y. A., Saut, S., & Samosir, M. (2023). Penerapan Deferred Prosecution Agreement dalam Penyelesaian Tindak Pidana Korupsi oleh Korporasi. https://doi.org/10.24843/JMHU.2023.v12.i0
Tantimin. T (2023). Penyitaan Hasil Korupsi Melalui Non-Conviction Based Asset Forfeiture sebagai Upaya Pengembalian Kerugian Negara. Jurnal Pembangunan Hukum Indonesia (Vol. 5, Issue 1). https://doi.org/10.14710/jphi.v5i1.85-102
Vivi, O., & Siregar, A. (2023). Polemik Tanggung Jawab Pidana Oleh Kepala Daerah Sebagai Korporasi Terhadap Tindak Pidana Badan Usaha Milik Daerah. In JCI Jurnal Cakrawala Ilmiah (Vol. 2, Issue 6). http://bajangjournal.com/index.php/JCI
Yuli, Y. W., Benedictus Roring, E., Satino, S., Widoretno Putri, C., & Kayowuan Lewoleba, K. (2025). Dinamika Pemidanaan di Era Modern: Antara Keadilan Restoratif dan Retributif. https://doi.org/10.37817/ikraith-humaniora.v9i2
