Challenges of Patent Protection in the Digital Era: A Legal Analysis of Indonesia and a Comparative Study of the Patent Protection Model in China
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37253/barjoules.v3i2.11855Keywords:
Patent Protection, Digital Innovation, Comparative Legal Study, Indonesia, ChinaAbstract
Patent protection faces increasing challenges in the digital era due to the rapid development of software-based inventions, artificial intelligence, algorithms, and cross-border digital technologies that are not always adequately addressed by traditional legal frameworks. In Indonesia, these challenges are reflected in lengthy patent examination procedures, limited institutional capacity, and regulatory gaps in protecting digital innovations, while China has adopted a more adaptive and technology-oriented patent protection model. This study addresses the problem of how patent protection systems respond to digital-era challenges, focusing on the adequacy of Indonesia’s patent regime and the comparative effectiveness of China’s patent protection model. The general objective of this research is to analyze and compare the patent protection systems of Indonesia and China in responding to technological advancements in the digital era, with the aim of identifying regulatory gaps, institutional differences, and best practices that may strengthen patent protection in Indonesia. This study employs a normative juridical method with a comparative legal approach, relying on statutory analysis and library-based research of patent regulations, policies, and scholarly literature in both jurisdictions. The findings reveal that Indonesia’s patent protection system, although progressively reformed through Law No. 13 of 2016 and its amendment under Law No. 65 of 2024, remains constrained by slow examination processes, limited recognition of software-related inventions, weak enforcement mechanisms, and low public awareness. In contrast, China demonstrates a more responsive and efficient patent system through the integration of digital technologies, accelerated examination timelines, blockchain-based administration, and specialized intellectual property courts. The comparative analysis highlights that China’s strong institutional capacity and digital integration significantly enhance legal certainty and enforcement effectiveness. The study’s significance lies in providing normative and practical insights for policymakers, emphasizing the need for Indonesia to modernize its patent framework, strengthen institutional capacity, and adopt digital-based mechanisms to ensure effective patent protection and foster innovation in the digital age.
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