Analysis of The Influence of CEO by Gender on Tax Aggressiveness in Manufacturing Companies Listed on The Indonesian Stock Exchange
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37253/gfa.v8i1.8758Keywords:
Keywords: CEO gender, tax aggressiveness, tax.Abstract
Purpose - The study aimed to determine the effect of CEO gender variables, CEO age, as well as CEO gender reassignment on tax aggressiveness. Taxes are one of the burdens for companies that will reduce the company's profits. A company tends to do tax evasion to reduce its tax burden through a variety of means. Thus, companies are becoming more aggressive towards taxes. Tax aggressiveness is an action taken by companies to engineer taxable income through tax planning in a legal (tax avoidance) or illegal (tax evasion).
Research Method - This research is applied with cross sectional and time series methods. The technique used in sampling data in this study is purposive sampling. This method is done by selecting a research sample through certain considerations or criteria, based on the purpose of the research. The sample population in this study is the annual report and financial statements of manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange that have been audited in 2017 to 2020 with a total of 193 companies. Information about the annual report data and financial statements is obtained from the site contained on the Indonesia Stock Exchange, namely www.idx.co.id.
Findings - The research results of CEO gender and CEO age have no effect on tax avoidance as proxied by the effective tax rate. This shows that gender differences and the increasing age of a company's CEO do not influence the occurrence of tax aggressiveness in a company. There are several control variables that are considered to have a significant positive influence on tax aggressiveness
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References
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Alang, K. F., & Syahdan, S. A. (2020). Pengaruh Kepemilikan Terkonsentrasi, Kepemilikan Keluarga, Size, Leverage, dan Corporate Governance terhadap Agresivitas Pajak. E-Jurnal Akuntansi.
Alquhaif, A. S., Latif, R. A., & Sitraselvi. (2017). Women in Board of Directors and Real Earnings. Asian Journal of Finance & Accounting, 9(2).
Andi, S. H. (2022). Pengaruh Faktor Manajerial, Kepemilikan, Tekanan Eksternal dan Penghindaran Pajak terhadap Kecurangan Pelaporan Keuangan pada Perusahaan yang Tercatat di BEI. Journal of Applied Management and Business Research.
Anissa, D. (2021). Do women on corporate boardrooms have an impact on tax avoidance? The mediating role of corporate social responsibility.
Boussaidi, A., & Hamed-Sidhom, M. (2020). Board's characteristics, ownership's nature and corporate tax aggressiveneses: new evidence from the Tunisian context.
Budiman, J., & Setiyono. (2012). Pengaruh Karakteristik Eksekutif terhadap Penghindaran Pajak (Tax Avoidance).
Christofel, D. E., & Dewi, S. (2022). The Effect of Characteristics of the Commissioners, Ownership Structure, and Financial Difficulties on Tax Aggressiveness. The Accounting Journal of BINANIAGA .
Dewi, N. L., & Noviari, N. (2017). Pengaruh Ukuran Perusahaan, Leverage, Profitabilitas, dan Corporate Social Responsibility terhadap Penghindaran Pajak (Tax Avoidance). E-Jurnal Akuntansi Universitas Udayana.
Emma, G.-M., Maria-Camino, R.-L., & Jennifer, M.-F. (2021). Are narcissistic CEOs more tax aggressive? The moderating role of internal. Journal of Business Research .
Feng, H., Habib, A., & Tian, G. l. (2019). Aggressive tax planning and stock price synchronicity: evidence from China. International Journal of Managerial Finance.
Francis, B., Hasan, I., Wu, Q., & Yan, M. (2014). Are female CFOs less tax aggressive? Evidence from tax aggressiveness.
Francis, Sun, & Weng, W. (2022). Managerial ability and tax aggressiveness. China Accounting and Finance Review.
Frank, M., Lynch, L., & Rego, S. (n.d.). Tax Reporting Aggressiveness and its Relations to Aggressive Financial Reporting. The Accounting Review, 82(2).
Garbarino, C. (2014). CEO After-Tax Compensation Incentives And Corporate Tax Avoidance. Contemporary Accounting Research, 8.
Gary, C., & Uri, G. (2017). Strong Evidence for Gender Differences in Risk Taking. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization.
Gujarati. (2004). Basic Econometrics.
Halioui, K., Neifar, S., & Abdelaziz, F. B. (2016). Corporate governance, CEO compensation and tax aggressiveness: Evidence from American firms listed on the NASDAQ 100. Review of Accounting and Finance, Vol. 15 No. 4, 445-462.
Hasan, I. (2016). Pokok-Pokok Materi Statistik 1 (Statistik Deskriptif). Jakarta: PT Bumi Aksara.
Hidayat, A. (2014). Penjelasan Metode Analisis Regresi Data Panel.
Hidayat, K. O., & Suratno, H. (2016). Pengaruh Corporate Social Responsibility Terhadap Agresivitas Pajak Dengan Insentif Pajak Sebagai Pemoderasi. Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi Fakultas Ekonomi, 39-58.
Indah, B., Mohammad Rafki, N., & Kurnia. (2018). Pengaruh Return on Asset (ROA), Leverage (DER), Komisaris Independen, dan Ukuran Perusahaan terhadap Agresivitas Pajak. e-Proceeding of Management.
Jalan, A., Kale, J., & Meneghetti, C. (2013). Corporate tax aggressiveness and the role of debt.
Koh, Y., & Lee, H.-A. (2015). The effect of financial factors on firms’ financial and tax reporting decisions. Asian Review of Accounting.
Krisyadi, R., & Triana, M. (2021). Pengaruh Penghindaran Pajak, Persentase dan Massa Kritis Direktur Wanita terhadap Nilai Perusahaan. Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi dan Keuangan.
Li, M., Liu, X., Tong, J., & Zhang, F. (2019). CFO Gender and Tax Aggressiveness: New Evidence from China.
Mara, F., Marchica, M.-T., & Mura, R. (2016). CEO gender, corporate risk-taking, and the efficiency of capital allocation. Journal of Corporate Finance, 39, 193-209. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2016.02.008
McClave, J. T., & Sincich, T. (2003). 2003. A First Course in Statistics-Annotated Instructor's Edition.
Pradit, W., & Jiraporn, P. (2017). CEO age and CEO gender: Are female CEOs older than their. Finance Research Letters.
Prasetyo, H. (2017). Statistik Dasar: Sebuah Panduan untuk Peneliti Pemula.
Richardson, G., Taylor, G., & Lanis, R. (2016). Women on the Board of Directors and Corporate Tax Aggressiveness in Australia:An Empirical Analysis. Accounting Research Journal, Vol. 29.
Rui, S., & Ganna, Z. (2021). Political connection, CEO gender, and firm performance . Journal of Corporate Finance .
Salehi, M., & Salami, S. (2020). Corporate Tax Aggression and Debt in Iran. Journal of Islamic Accounting and, 11.
Sanchez, G., Maria, M., Portillo, J., Jose, & Navarro. (2016). The influence of family involvement on tax aggressiveness of family firms. Journal of Family Business Management, 6.
Sawssan, J., Souhir, N., & Yosra, M. F. (2021). CEO compensation, CEO attributes and tax aggressiveness: evidence from French firms listed on the CAC 40. Journal of Financial Crime.
Sebastian, T. (2023). Do younger CEOs really increase firm risk? Evidence from sudden CEO deaths. https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/journal-of-corporate-finance.
Sofia Prima, D., & Cynthia. (2018). Aggressiveness Tax In Indonesia.
Sugiyono, P. D. (2017). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan R&D.
Susanto, L., Yanti, & Viriany. (n.d.). Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Agresivitas Pajak. Jurnal Ekonomi, 23.
Suyanto, K. D., & Supramono. (2012). Likuiditas, Leverage, Komisaris Indepensen, dan Manajemen Laba terhadap Agresivitas Pajak Perusahaan. Jurnal Keuangan dan Perbankan, 16. doi:https://doi.org/10.26905/jkdp.v16i2.1057
Tiaras, I., & Wijaya, H. (2015). Pengaruh Likuiditas, Leverage, Manajemen Laba, Komisaris Independen dan . Jurnal Akuntansi/Volume XIX, No. 03, 380-397.
Tiaras, I., & Wijaya, H. (2015). Pengaruh Likuiditas, Leverage, Manajemen Laba, Komisaris Independen dan Ukuran Perusahaan terhadap Agresivitas Pajak. Jurnal Akuntansi/Volume XIX, 380-397.
Tuyen, T. H., Cuong, V. N., & Tran, H. T. (2019). Are female CEOs more risk averse than male counterparts? Economic Analysis and Policy.
Wang, L. (2017). Tax enforcement, corporate tax aggressiveness, and cash holdings. China Finance Review International.
Wanner, R., & Pevalin, D. (2005). Advanced Seminar on Panel regression (Using STATA) University of Calgary.
Xiaoxia, L., Minghui, L., Jamie Yixing, T., & Feida, Z. (2021). CFO gender and tax aggressiveness: Evidence from China. Pacific-Basin Finance Journal.
Zirguilis, A., & Huettinger, M. (2021). No woman, no aggressive tax planning? A Study on CEO Gender and effective tax rates in the Lithuanian retail sector.
