Determinan Profitabilitas Bank Konvensional yang Terdaftar di Otoritas Jasa Keuangan Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37253/gfa.v6i2.6861Keywords:
Bank profitability, asset quality, capital, liquidityAbstract
Purpose - This paper aims to find out what factors will affect the Indonesia conventional banks’ profitability. The concern of doing this paper is based on the report shown by the Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria’s reports which showed an instability of financial ratio in Indonesia.
Research Method - The paper uses the secondary method in collecting information that is used in the paper. The sample for the panel data consists of 95 conventional banks in Indonesia that are listed in the Financial Service Authority of Indonesia (OJK) for the year 2017-2021. The fixed effect model is used for the paper.
Findings – Indonesia conventional banks’ profitability are highly impacted by the non-performing loans (measured by non-performing loans over gross loans), operational cost to operational income ratio, bank size, and deposit ratio. These impacts show a negative relationship between the ratios and bank’s profitability. As these ratios increase, the bank’s profit decreases. However, these relationships do not reflect the same way on capital adequacy ratio, loan to deposit ratio, and diversification. These three ratios show an insignificant impact on bank’s profitability.
Implication - The paper has shown the impact of each variable to the bank profitability. Keeping bank’s profitability stable is a must for all bank’s top managements responsibility. The findings of the paper could help banks’ top managements to find strategies for the bank to increase those variables which impact positively to the bank profitability and reduces the activities which will cause the banks’ losses.
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References
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Bintoro, M. I., & Rahmadhani, F. (2020). The influence of capital adequacy, credit risk, liquidity, operational cost, income diversification, firm size and ownership structure on the profitability of bank. Advances in Economics, Business and Management Research, 176, 128–132.
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Bolarinwa, S. T., Obembe, O. B., & Olaniyi, C. (2019). Re-examining the determinants of bank profitability in Nigeria. Journal of Economic Studies, 46(3), 633–651. https://doi.org/10.1108/JES-09-2017-0246
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Kumar, V., & Bird, R. (2020). Factors influencing the profitability of banks in India and China. Applied Economics Letters, 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504851.2020.1869153
Kusumastuti, W. I., & Alam, A. (2019). Analysis of impact of CAR, NPF, BOPO on profitability of Islamic banks (Year 2015-2017). Journal of Islamic Economic Laws, 2(1), 30–59. https://doi.org/10.23917/jisel.v2i1.6370
Lestari, H. S., Tarigan, G. G., & Pohan, L. A. (2021). The effect of liquidity, leverage and bank’s size on bank’s profitability of Indonesian listed bank on Indonesia Stock Exchange. Jurnal Manajemen, 12(2), 26–39. https://doi.org/10.32832/jm-uika.v12i2.3946
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Silaban, P. (2017). The effect of capital adequacy ratio, net interest margin and non-performing loans on bank profitability: The case of Indonesia. International Journal of Economics and Business Administration, V(3), 58–69.
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Ashyari, M. Z., & Rokhim, R. (2019). Revenue diversification and bank profitability: Study on Indonesian banks. Jurnal Siasat Bisnis, 24(1), 34–42. https://doi.org/10.20885/jsb.vol24.iss1.art3
Batten, J., & Vo, X. V. (2019). Determinants of bank profitability - Evidence from Vietnam. Emerging Markets Finance & Trade, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1080/1540496X.2018.1524326
Bintoro, M. I., & Rahmadhani, F. (2020). The influence of capital adequacy, credit risk, liquidity, operational cost, income diversification, firm size and ownership structure on the profitability of bank. Advances in Economics, Business and Management Research, 176, 128–132.
Boateng, K. (2018). Determinants of bank profitability: A comparative study of Indian and Ghanaian banks (Vol. 5, Issue 5, pp. 643–654).
Bolarinwa, S. T., Obembe, O. B., & Olaniyi, C. (2019). Re-examining the determinants of bank profitability in Nigeria. Journal of Economic Studies, 46(3), 633–651. https://doi.org/10.1108/JES-09-2017-0246
Budhathoki, P. B., & Rai, C. K. (2020). The effect of specific factors on bank profitability: Evidence from Nepalese banks. Journal of Economics and Business, 3(1), 82–89. https://doi.org/10.31014/aior.1992.03.01.179
Budhathoki, P. B., Rai, C. K., Lamichhane, K. P., Bhattarai, G., & Rai, A. (2020). The impact of liquidity, leverage, and total size on banks’ profitability: Evidence from Nepalese commercial banks. Journal of Economics and Business, 3(2), 545–555. https://doi.org/10.31014/aior.1992.03.02.219
Chintha, S. S. (2018). Impact of bank specific and macroeconomic determinants on the profitability of commercial banks - An evidence from MSM listed banks in Sultanate of Oman. International Journal of Accounting Research, 3(4), 13–22. https://doi.org/10.12816/0044415
Christaria, F., & Kurnia, R. (2016). The impact of financial ratios, operational efficiency and non-performing loan towards commercial bank profitability. Accounting and Finance Review, 1(1), 43–50. https://doi.org/10.35609/afr.2016.1.1(6)
Christina, L. (2019). Internal factors contribution to the profitability of private bank. International Journal of Economics, Business and Management Research, 3(11), 31–38.
Damara, D. (2022). Ternyata Ini Penyebab Bank Raya (AGRO) Rugi Rp3 Triliun Tahun Lalu. Bisnis.Com. https://finansial.bisnis.com/read/20220401/90/1517918/ternyata-ini-penyebab-bank-raya-agro-rugi-rp3-triliun-tahun-lalu
Farida, S. D., Arifati, R., & Andini, R. (2016). Analysis of effect of CAR, ROA, LDR, company size, NPL, and GCG to bank profitability (Case study on banking companies listed in BEI period 2010-2013). Journal of Accounting, 2(2).
Garcia, M. T. M., & Guerreiro, J. P. S. M. (2016). Internal and external determinants of banks’ profitability: The Portuguese case. Journal of Economic Studies, 43(1), 90–107. https://doi.org/10.1108/JES-09-2014-0166
Githaiga, P. N. (2020). Human capital, income diversification and bank performance – An empirical study of East African banks. Asian Journal of Accounting Research, 6(1), 95–108. https://doi.org/10.1108/AJAR-06-2020-0041
Guicheldy, A., & Sukartaatmadja, I. (2021). Pengaruh capital adequacy ratio, non performing loan dan biaya operasional pendapatan operasional terhadap return on assets. Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen Kesatuan, 9(1), 131–140. https://doi.org/10.31539/costing.v4i2.1497
Hantono. (2017). Effect of capital adequacy ratio (CAR), loan to deposit ratio (LDR) and non performing loan (NPL) to return on assets (ROA) listed in banking in Indonesia Stock Exchange. International Journal of Education and Research, 5(1), 69–80.
HirinduKawshala, & KushaniPanditharathna. (2017). The factors effecting on bank profitability. Researchgate.Net, 7(2), 212–216. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ba-Hirindu-Kawshala/publication/313530386_The_Factors_Effecting_on_Bank_Profitability/links/589d9186a6fdcc3e8beea0e4/The-Factors-Effecting-on-Bank-Profitability.pdf
Indonesia, B. (2004). Lampiran Surat Edaran Bank Indonesia 6/23/DPNP. Otoritas Jasa Keuangan. www.bi.go.id
Inggawati, V. R., Lusy, & Hermanto, Y. B. (2018). The influence of loan to deposit ratio, loan operational of income operational and non-performing loan toward profitability of Bank Perkreditan Rakyat in Sidoarjo Regency. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications (IJSRP), 8(11), 510–519. https://doi.org/10.29322/ijsrp.8.11.2018.p8354
Jeevitha, Mathew, B., & Shradha, K. K. (2019). “Impact of inflation on bank’s profitability†a study on select banks profitability. Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR), 6(6), 38–44.
Kadioglu, E., Telceken, N., & Ocal, N. (2017). Effect of the asset quality on the bank profitability. International Journal of Economics and Finance, 9(7), 60–68. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v9n7p60
Kumar, V., & Bird, R. (2020). Factors influencing the profitability of banks in India and China. Applied Economics Letters, 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504851.2020.1869153
Kusumastuti, W. I., & Alam, A. (2019). Analysis of impact of CAR, NPF, BOPO on profitability of Islamic banks (Year 2015-2017). Journal of Islamic Economic Laws, 2(1), 30–59. https://doi.org/10.23917/jisel.v2i1.6370
Lestari, H. S., Tarigan, G. G., & Pohan, L. A. (2021). The effect of liquidity, leverage and bank’s size on bank’s profitability of Indonesian listed bank on Indonesia Stock Exchange. Jurnal Manajemen, 12(2), 26–39. https://doi.org/10.32832/jm-uika.v12i2.3946
Li, X., Feng, H., Zhao, S., & Carter, D. A. (2021). The effect of revenue diversification on bank profitability and risk during the COVID-19 pandemic. Finance Research Letters, February, 101957. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2021.101957
Lohano, K., & Kashif, M. (2019). Factors affecting the profitability of banks in developing countries. NUML International Journal of Business & Management, 14(2), 74–91.
Meyrantika, D. N., & Haryanto, A. M. (2017). Analisis permodalan, penyaluran dana, diversifikasi pendapatan, NIM dan risiko kredit terhadap kinerja keungan perbankan (Studi empiris BUSN yang terdaftar di BEI periode 2012-2015). Diponegoro Journal of Management, 6(3), 1–13.
Muneer, S., Ishtiaq, M., Tufail, M. S., & Sarwar, S. (2017). Determinants of bank asset quality and profitability. Journal of Managerial Sciences, 11(3), 201–222.
Musah, A., Anokye, F. K., & Gakpetor, E. D. (2018). The impact of interest rate spread on the bank profitability in Ghana. European Journal of Business, Economics and Accountancy, 6(1), 27–39.
Nadeem, M., Raza, H., & Mubarik, F. (2018). Determinants of profitability of banking industry in Pakistan. NICE Research Journal, 11(2), 17–38. https://doi.org/10.51239/nrjss.v0i0.69
Nguyen, T. H. (2020). Impact of bank capital adequacy on bank profitability under Basel II Accord: Evidence from Vietnam. Journal of Economic Development, 45(1), 31–46.
Parvin, S., Chowdhury, A. N. M. M. H., Siddiqua, A., & Ferdous, J. (2019). Effect of liquidity and bank size on the profitability of commercial banks in Bangladesh. Asian Business Review, 9(1), 7–10. https://doi.org/10.18034/abr.v9i1.219
Paulus Yoga. (2019, July 2). Arah Merger Bank Agris dan Bank Mitraniaga . Infobanknews. https://infobanknews.com/arah-merger-bank-agris-dan-bank-mitraniaga/
Pradhan, R. S. (2016). Bank specific and macroeconomic determinants of bank profitability: A case of Nepal. 1–11. https://doi.org/10.31580/jmi.v10i1.46
Pratama, C. D. (2020, November 19). Produk-produk bank umum. Kompas.Com. https://www.kompas.com/skola/read/2020/11/19/133659569/produk-produk-bank-umum?page=all#page2
Purnomo, H. (2019). Dari laba, kini Bank Eks Century catat rugi Rp 401 M di 2018. CNBC Indonesia. https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/market/20190408183013-17-65279/dari-laba-kini-bank-eks-century-catat-rugi-rp-401-m-di-2018
Putri, P. B. M. W., & Suardikha, I. M. S. (2020). The effect of loan to deposito ratio and capital adequacy ratio on bank profitability with proportion of independent commissioners as moderating variable. International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations, 7(2), 1251–1259.
Rusmini, N. M., & Adiandari, A. M. (2020). Effect of loan to deposit ratio (LDR) and BOPO on profitability on PT BPR Bali Ambassador for the year 2014-2018. Neraca : Jurnal Akuntansi Terapan, 1(2), 84–93. https://doi.org/10.31334/neraca.v1i2.858
Sahyouni, A., & Wang, M. (2019). Liquidity creation and bank performance: Evidence from MENA. ISRA International Journal of Islamic Finance, 11(1), 27–45. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJIF-01-2018-0009
Salike, N., & Ao, B. (2017). Determinants of bank’s profitability: role of poor asset quality in Asia. China Finance Review International, 8(2), 216–231. https://doi.org/10.1108/CFRI-10-2016-0118
Santoso, & Singgih. (2011). Structural equation modelling : Konsep dan aplikasi dengan AMOS 18.
Saputra, I. M. H. E., & Budiasih, I. G. A. N. (2016). Pengaruh Kecukupan Modal, Risiko Kredit, Biaya Operasional Pendapatan Operasional Pada Profitabilitas Bank. E-Jurnal Akuntansi Universitas Udayana, 14(3), 2363–2378.
Serly, & Jennifer. (2021). Analisis pengaruh modal bank, ukuran bank, konsentrasi pasar, kepemilikan, inflasi terhadap profitabilitas bank. Jurnal Akuntansi Profesi, 12(2), 481–490. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.23887/jippg.v3i2
Silaban, P. (2017). The effect of capital adequacy ratio, net interest margin and non-performing loans on bank profitability: The case of Indonesia. International Journal of Economics and Business Administration, V(3), 58–69.
Sitompul, S., & Nasution, S. K. (2019). The effect of Car, BOPO, NPF, and FDR on profitability of Sharia commercial banks in Indonesia. Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal), 2(3), 234–238. https://doi.org/10.33258/birci.v2i3.412
Steven, & Toni, N. (2020). The effect of bank capacity and loan to deposit ratio on profitability and credit risk. International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding, 7(11), 1. https://doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v7i11.2104
Susanti, D. E. L. (2016). Modul metode penelitian. https://simdos.unud.ac.id/uploads/file_penelitian_1_dir/23731890cdc8189968cf15105c651573.pdf
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