Legal but Not Legitimate? Ecological Justice and the Paradox of Forest Governance in Indonesia’s Presidential Regulation No. 5/2025
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37253/barjoules.v4i1.12410Keywords:
Ecological Justice, Forest Areas, Legality, Legitimacy, Presidential RegulationAbstract
This study examines the challenges of ecological justice in the implementation of Presidential Regulation Number 5 of 2025 concerning the Control of Forest Areas (Presidential Regulation No. 5 of 2025), departing from the problem that a policy may possess formal legality but does not necessarily obtain ecological and social legitimacy. The control of forest areas, which is directed toward reclaiming state control over forest areas, collecting administrative fines, and recovering assets, needs to be examined to determine whether it is consistent with the principles of environmental protection, justice for affected communities, and ecosystem restoration. The purpose of this study is to analyze the legal construction of Presidential Regulation No. 5 of 2025 and assess its conformity with the principle of ecological justice in environmental law. This study employs a normative juridical method with statutory and conceptual approaches. The data used are secondary data consisting of primary legal materials, such as laws and regulations related to forestry, environmental protection, government administration, and the control of forest areas, as well as secondary legal materials, including literature, scientific journals, and legal doctrines. Tertiary legal materials include legal dictionaries. The analysis is conducted qualitatively by interpreting legal norms and linking them to the concepts of legality, legitimacy, and ecological justice. The findings indicate that Presidential Regulation No. 5 of 2025 has a legal basis as an instrument of state control, but the legitimacy of its implementation depends on the protection of indigenous and local communities, transparency of forest area data, public participation, proportionality of measures, and a genuine orientation toward ecological restoration. This study concludes that the control of forest areas must not stop at administrative enforcement, but must instead be directed toward fair, participatory, and sustainable forest governance.
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