Dualism in Law Enforcement and Corporate Responsibility in Nickel Mining in Raja Ampat: A Comparative Study of PT Gag Nikel and PT Anugerah Surya Pratama
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37253/conescintech.v6i1.12815Keywords:
Raja Ampat, Nickel Mining, Small Islands, UN Global Compact, Corporate Sustainability, FPICAbstract
This article examines nickel mining in Raja Ampat Regency, Southwest Papua, comparing PT Gag Nikel (PT GN), which retained its operating license, against PT Anugerah Surya Pratama (PT ASP), whose Mining Business License (IUP) the government revoked on 10 June 2025. Both companies operated in small island areas prohibited from mineral extraction under Law No. 1 of 2014 on the Management of Coastal Areas and Small Islands and Constitutional Court Decision No. 35/PUU-XXI/2023. This normative legal research applies statutory and comparative approaches to two questions: first, whether revoking PT ASP’s IUP while continuing PT GN’s operations reflects equitable law enforcement; and second, whether both companies have fulfilled obligations under international instruments including the UDHR, ICCPR, ICESCR, ILO Convention No. 169, UNDRIP, the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (UNGPs), the UN Global Compact (UNGC), the ESG framework, and the SDGs. The findings reveal selective enforcement patterns and significant corporate sustainability gaps. PT GN, backed by a 1998 Contract of Work and a parent company registered with the UNGC, demonstrates comparatively stronger compliance, yet shares with PT ASP a failure to secure Free, Prior, and Informed Consent (FPIC) from indigenous communities. This article argues that the regulatory framework requires comprehensive reform, law enforcement must be applied consistently, and corporate responsibility must be strengthened to protect this globally recognized geopark region.
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