CORPORATE INTERNAL GOVERNANCE AND CORPORATE PERFORMANCE: CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AS A MODERATION
Keywords:
firm performance, ICG, CSRAbstract
Purpose - The purpose of this research is to analyze the moderating role of corporate social responsibility in the relationship of internal corporate governance (ICG) and firm performance.
Research Method – The sample consists of 48 companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2017-2021 which are taken by purposive sampling method. Data analysis method used in this study is panel data regress.
Findings - The results show that CEO Power, board independence, managerial ownership, ownership concentration and CSR have no effect on the dependent variable, while board size and audit quality are negatively related to firm performance. The results of the study show that CSR can strengthen the relationship between the board independence, board size and managerial ownership on firm performance, CEO power, ownership concentration and audit quality are not affected by CSR on firm performance.
Implication - CSR practices usually involve corporate governance to participate in social and environmental activities. ICG is an important body to control and monitor the corporate social practices.
Downloads
References
Abdalkrim, G., & Zehri, C. (2020). CEO power, ownership structure and firms' performance: Evidence from gcg listed firms. Journal of Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology, XII(III), 4704–4712.
Adnyani, NPS, Endiana, IDM, & Arizona, PE (2020). The influence of implementing good corporate governance and corporate social responsibility on company performance. Journal of Charisma, 2(2), 228–249.
Agasha, E., & Monametsi, G.L. (2020). Audit quality and firm performance: Evidence from Botswana and Uganda. Journal of Accounting Finance and Auditing Studies (JAFAS), 6(4), 79–95. https://doi.org/10.32602/jafas.2020.029
Al-Ghamdi, M., & Rhodes, M. (2015). Family ownership, corporate governance and performance: Evidence from Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Economics and Finance, 7(2), 78–89. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v7n2p78
Alqatan, A., Chbib, I., & Hussainey, K. (2019). How does board structure impact on firm performance in the UK? Corporate Board Role Duties and Composition, 15(2), 18–27. https://doi.org/10.22495/cbv15i2art2
Alshetwi, M. (2017). The Association between board size, independence and firm performance: Evidence from Saudi Arabia. Type: Double Blind Peer Reviewed International Research Journal Publisher: Global Journals Inc, 17(1), 17–28.
Andriana, A., & Panggabean, RR (2017). The effect of good corporate governance and environmental performance on financial performance of the properly listed company on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Binus Business Review, 8(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.21512/bbr.v8i1.1757
Ansari, B., Gul, K., & Ahmad, N. (2017). Corporate governance and firm performance: Automobile assemblers listed in Pakistan Stock Exchange. Journal of Business Strategies, 11(2), 125–140.
Aprilliani, MT, & Totok, D. (2018). The influence of corporate governance and company size on company financial performance scientific articles. Diponegoro Journal of Accounting, 7(1), 1–10.
Brahmin, You, Y. (2021). Divestiture strategy, CEO power and firm performance. Management Research Review, 44(3), 418–436. https://doi.org/10.1108/MRR-04-2020-0196
Brown, J. A., & Forster, W. R. (2013). CSR and stakeholder theory: A tale of Adam Smith. Journal of Business Ethics, 112(2), 301–312. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-012-1251-4
Claxton, G., Owen, D., & Sadler-Smith, E. (2015). Hubris in leadership: A peril of unbridled intuition? Leadership, 11(1), 57–78. https://doi.org/10.1177/1742715013511482
CNBCIndonesia. (nd). PP Properti's profit is expected to fall in 2019. Retrieved November 17, 2022, from https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/market/20200121144135-19-131601/laba-pp-properti-diperkirakan-turun-pada-2019
CNBCIndonesia. (2019). ITMG's net profit fell due to falling revenues & rising expenses. https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/market/20191112153643-19-114657/laba- Bersih-itmg-anjlok-akibat-pendapatan-turun-beban-naik
Detthamrong, U., Chancharat, N., & Vithessonthi, C. (2017). Corporate governance, capital structure and firm performance: Evidence from Thailand. Research in International Business and Finance, 42, 689–709. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ribaf.2017.07.011
Deviesa, D., & Lemmuela, L. (2017). The effect of CEO duality on financial performance with earnings management as an intervening variable. Business Accounting Review, 5(1), 169–180.
Elfaitouri, R. (2014). Board of directors and tobin's q: Evidence from UK firms. Journal of Finance and Accounting, 2(4), 82–99. https://doi.org/10.12691/jfa-2-4-2
Elms, H., & Berman, S. (1997). Stakeholder-agency theory. Proceedings of the International Association for Business and Society, 8(March), 657–668. https://doi.org/10.5840/iabsproc1997863
Fadillah, AR (2017). Analysis of the influence of an independent board of commissioners, managerial ownership and institutional ownership on the performance of companies listed on Lq45. Journal of Accounting, 12(1), 37–52. http://jurnal.unsil.ac.id/index.php/jak
Feng, Y., Chen, H. H., & Tang, J. (2018). The impacts of social responsibility and ownership structure on sustainable financial development of China's energy industry. Sustainability (Switzerland), 10(2), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10020301
Financials, I. (2019). PPRO profit fell 45.23% due to sluggish property business in 9M 2019 | IDNFinancials. https://www.idnfinancials.com/id/news/30712/ppro-profit-fell-yoy
Freeman, REE (2001). A stakeholder approach to strategic management. SSRN Electronic Journal, March 2018. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.263511
Gaur, S.S., Bathula, H., & Singh, D. (2015). Ownership concentration, board characteristics and firm performance. Management Decision, 53(5), 911–931.
Grace, N., & Odoemelam, N. (2018). Corporate board characteristics and environmental disclosure quantity : A comparative analysis of traditional and integrated reporting evidence. Journal of Accounting and Finance, 4(8), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints201808.0419.v1
Gunawan, Barbara, & Leonnita, DP (2015). The influence of financial performance on the deviation of the actual growth rate from the sustainable growth rate. Journal of Accounting & Business Research, 15(2), 144–155. www.bps.go.id
Gunawan, Bobie, & Wijaya, H. (2021). The influence of a female board of commissioners, a female board of directors and a female audit committee on the performance of manufacturing companies in 2016-2018. Accounting Student Scientific Journal, 10(2), 61–69. https://doi.org/10.33508/jima.v10i2.3563
Gunawan, J., & Wijaya, H. (2020). The influence of managerial ownership, institutional ownership, and company size on manufacturing company performance. Tarumanegara Accounting Multiparadigm Journal, 2, 1718–1727.
Han, S., Nanda, V., & Silveri, S. (2016). CEO power and decision-making under pressure. SSRN Electronic Journal, 369–400. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2352467
Hartnell, C.A., Kinicki, A.J., Lambert, L.S., Fugate, M., & Corner, P.D. (2016). Do similarities or differences between CEO leadership and organizational culture have a more positive effect on firm performance? A test of competing predictions. Journal of Applied Psychology, 101(6), 846–861. https://doi.org/10.1037/apl0000083
Hendi, & Nethania. (2021). The influence of board composition, political connections and sustainable practices on risk taking and company performance in companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Journal of the Science-Society Interface, 1(1), 1024–1036.
Holten, A.-L., & Bøllingtoft, A. (2015). CEO power, corporate risk taking and the role of large shareholders. Journal of Financial Economic Policy, 7(14), 129–152. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/JFEP-11-2014-0069%5Cnhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1108/S1574-871520140000014006
Honi, HY, Ivonne, SS, & Tulung, JE (2020). The influence of good corporate governance on the financial performance of conventional commercial banks in 2014-2018. EMBA Journal: Journal of Economic, Management, Business and Accounting Research Journal of Economic, Management, Business and Accounting Research, 1(2), 296–305.
investment.kontan.co.id. (2021). Kino Indonesia (KINO) experienced a decline in performance throughout the first quarter of 2021. https://investasi.kontan.co.id/news/kino-indonesia-kino-alami-penurunan-kinerja-sepanjang-kuartal-i-2021
Itan, I. (2021). The influence of board of directors attributes and ownership structure on company performance with capital structure as an intervening variable. Economic Forum, 23(2), 254–263. https://journal.feb.unmul.ac.id/index.php/FORUMEKONOMI/article/view/7989
Javeed, S.A., Latif, R., & Lefen, L. (2020). An analysis of the relationship between environmental regulations and firm performance with moderating effects of product market competition: Empirical evidence from Pakistan. Journal of Cleaner Production, 254, 120197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120197
Javeed, S. A., & Lefen, L. (2019). An analysis of corporate social responsibility and firm performance with moderating effects of CEO power and ownership structure: A case study of the manufacturing sector of Pakistan. Sustainability (Switzerland), 11(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/su11010248
Jensen, M., & Meckling, W. (1976). Theory of the firm: Managerial behavior, agency costs and ownership structure. Human Relations, 72(10), 1671–1696. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726718812602
Jizi, M. I., Salama, A., Dixon, R., & Stratling, R. (2014). Corporate governance and corporate social responsibility disclosure: Evidence from the US Banking Sector. Journal of Business Ethics, 125(4), 601–615. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-013-1929-2
Kamardin, H. (2014). Managerial ownership and firm performance: The influence of family directors and non-family directors. April, 47–83. https://doi.org/10.1108/s2043-052320140000006002
Kao, M. F., Hodgkinson, L., & Jaafar, A. (2019). Ownership structure, board of directors and firm performance: Evidence from Taiwan. Corporate Governance (Bingley), 19(1), 189–216. https://doi.org/10.1108/CG-04-2018-0144
Kaur, R., & Singh, B. (2018). CEOs' characteristics and firm performance: A study of Indian firms. Indian Journal of Corporate Governance, 11(2), 185–200. https://doi.org/10.1177/0974686218806714
Kong, Y., Antwi-Adjei, A., & Bawuah, J. (2020). A systematic review of the business case for corporate social responsibility and firm performance. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 27(2), 444–454. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.1838
Lestari, N., & Juliarto, A. (2017). The influence of ownership structure dimensions on manufacturing company performance. Diponegoro Journal of Accounting, 6(3), 1–10. http://ejournal-s1.undip.ac.id/index.php/accounting
Leung, S., Richardson, G., & Jaggi, B. (2014). Corporate board and board committee independence, firm performance, and family ownership concentration: An analysis based on Hong Kong firms. Journal of Contemporary Accounting and Economics, 10(1), 16–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcae.2013.11.002
Listyawati, I., & Kristiana, I. (2019). Analysis of the influence of good corporate governance on the performance of banking companies in Indonesia. Maximum, 8(2), 86. https://doi.org/10.26714/mki.8.2.2018.86-94
Liu, Y., Miletkov, M. K., Wei, Z., & Yang, T. (2015). Board independence and firm performance in China. Journal of Corporate Finance, 30, 223–244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2014.12.004
Lu, J., Javeed, S.A., Latief, R., Jiang, T., & Ong, T.S. (2021). The moderating role of corporate social responsibility in the association of internal corporate governance and profitability; Evidence from Pakistan. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(11). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18115830
Masood, A., & Afzal, A. (2016). Determinants of audit quality in Pakistan. Asian Journal of Finance & Accounting, 14(1), 21–39. https://doi.org/10.5296/ajfa.v14i1.18939
Matoke, O. (2016). Audit quality and financial performance of companies listed on the Nairobi Securities Exchange. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 6(11), 372. www.ijsrp.org
Mayasari, & Ariani, A. (2021). Good corporate governance and company performance. 2(2), 135–144.
Mayur, M., & Saravanan, P. (2017). Performance implications of board size, composition and activity: Empirical evidence from the Indian banking sector. Corporate Governance (Bingley), 17(3), 466–489. https://doi.org/10.1108/CG-03-2016-0058
Mohan, A., & Chandramohan, S. (2021). Impact of corporate governance on firm performance: Evidence From Pakistan. Journal of Social Research Development, 02(01), 16–28. https://doi.org/10.53664/jsrd/02-01-2021-02-16-28
Mollah, S., & Zaman, M. (2015). Shari'ah supervision, corporate governance and performance: Conventional vs. Islamic banks. Journal of Banking and Finance, 58, 418–435. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2015.04.030
Mulyadi, R. (2017). The influence of audit committee characteristics and audit quality on company profitability. Journal of Accounting, 4(2), 22–35.
Mustafa, C., & Handayani, N. (2016). The influence of corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure on the financial performance of manufacturing companies. Company Size (Size), Leverage, Return On Assets (ROA) and Family Ownership on Tax Aggressiveness., 3(6).
Naseem, T., Shahzad, F., Asim, G. A., Rehman, I. U., & Nawaz, F. (2020). Corporate social responsibility engagement and firm performance in Asia Pacific: The role of enterprise risk management. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 27(2), 501–513. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.1815
Nofianto, E., & Agustina, L. (2014). Analysis of the influence of sustainability reports on company financial performance. Accounting Analysis Journal, 3(3), 343–351.
Noval, M. (2015). The influence of CEO power on company performance with the role of independent commissioners as a moderating variable. Journal of Management Science and Applied Accounting, 6(November), 88–107.
Nugrahayu, ER, & Retnani, ED (2015). Application of the balanced scorecard method as a benchmark for measuring company performance. Journal of Accounting Science & Research, 4(10), 1–16.
Nugroho, F., & Rahardjo, S. (2014). Analysis of the influence of corporate social responsibility and good corporate governance characteristics on company performance. Diponegoro Journal of Accounting, 03(02), 1–10. http://ejournal-s1.undip.ac.id/index.php/accounting
Ogabo, B., Ogar, G., & Nuipoko, T. (2021). Ownership structure and firm performance: The role of managerial and institutional ownership-evidence from the UK. American Journal of Industrial and Business Management, 11(07), 859–886. https://doi.org/10.4236/ajibm.2021.117053
Pranata, J., Purwanto, M., & Lindrawati. (2019). The influence of family ownership on company performance. Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling, 53(9), 1689–1699.
Prasetio, J.G., & Rudyanto, A. (2020). Ownership structure on corporate social responsibility disclosure in Indonesia. Journal of Business and Accounting, 22(2), 313–322. https://doi.org/10.34208/jba.v22i2.663
Rabi, A. (2019). Board characteristics and environmental disclosure: Evidence from Jordan. International Journal of Business and Management, 14(2), 57. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v14n2p57
Rafique, Q., Abdullah, Y., & Mamun, A. (2015). Effects of ownership concentration on firm performance: Pakistani evidence. Journal of Asian Business Studies, 9(2), 162–176. https://doi.org/10.1108/JABS-07-2014-0047
Rahmawati, V., & Mildawati, T. (2020). The influence of size, leverage, profitability, and capital intensity ratio on the effective tax rate (etr). Journal of Finance and Accounting Research, 5(2), 81–105. https://doi.org/10.25134/jrka.v5i2.2008
Rashid, A. (2018). Board independence and firm performance: Evidence from Bangladesh. Future Business Journal, 4(1), 34–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbj.2017.11.003
Retna, A. (2021). The effect of leverage on company performance with corporate governance as a moderating variable. Journal of Syntax Transformation, 2(10), 1366–1375. https://doi.org/10.46799/jst.v2i10.423
Santi Yopie, & Robin. (2023). The Influence of Corporate Governance System and Corporate Social Responsibility on Corporate Profit Management Kompas 100. Migration Letters, 20(7), 1327–1346. https://doi.org/10.59670/ml.v20i7.5153
Sattar, U., Javeed, S.A., & Latief, R. (2020). How audit quality affects the firm performance with the moderating role of the product market competition: Empirical evidence from Pakistani manufacturing firms. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(10). https://doi.org/10.3390/su12104153
Septiyana, Wiweko, H., & Negara, P. (2020). The influence of CEO power and corporate social responsibility (CSR) on the performance of companies in the manufacturing sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2014 – 2016. BISMA (Business and Management), 12(2), 125–139.
Shao, L. (2019). Dynamic study of corporate governance structure and firm performance in China: Evidence from 2001-2015. Chinese Management Studies, 13(2), 299–317. https://doi.org/10.1108/CMS-08-2017-0217
Stewart, G. B. (1994). Eva: Facts and fantasy. Journal of Applied Corporate Finance, 7, 71–84.
Sudana, IM, & Aristina, NPN (2017). Chief executive officer (CEO) power, family CEO, and the IPO premium value of family companies in Indonesia. Journal of Accounting, 21(2), 219. https://doi.org/10.24912/ja.v21i2.196
Sun, J., Wang, J., Kent, P., & Qi, B. (2020). Does sharing the same network auditor in a group of affiliated firms affect audit quality? Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, 39(1), 106711. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2019.106711
Susanti, Y., Mintarti, S., & Asmapane, S. (2018). The influence of capital structure, company financial performance, company size and quality of external auditors on company value in manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange. Accountability, 15(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.29264/jakt.v15i1.1924
Syafiqurrahman, M., Andiarsyah, W., & Suciningsih, W. (2014). Analysis of the influence of corporate governance and the influence of funding decisions on the performance of banking companies in Indonesia. Finance and Banking Journal, 16(1), 1–16.
Tang, S., & Fiorentina, F. (2021). The Influence of Company Characteristics, Company Performance, and Management Entrenchment on Profit Management. Journal of Business Economics and Entrepreneurship, 10(2), 121.
Tanko, UM, & Saman, PU (2019). Audit quality, political connections and investors protection and how they affect Nigerian firms' performance. Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce, 24(3), 1–20. www.icommercecentral.com/open-access/audit-quality-political-connection-and-investors-protection-and-how-they-affect-nigeria-firms-performance.php?aid=87687
Terjesen, S., Couto, E. B., & Francisco, P. M. (2016). Does the presence of independent and female directors impact firm performance? A multi-country study of board diversity. Journal of Management and Governance, 20(3), 447–483. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10997-014-9307-8
Tien, C., Chen, C.N., & Chuang, C.M. (2013). A study of CEO power, pay structure, and firm performance. Journal of Management and Organization, 19(4), 424–453. https://doi.org/10.1017/jmo.2013.30
Uribe-Bohorquez, M.V., Martínez-Ferrero, J., & García-Sánchez, I.M. (2018). Board independence and firm performance: The moderating effect of institutional context. Journal of Business Research, 88(March), 28–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.03.005
Utomo, A. (2019). The influence of CSR, ROI, ROE on share prices in manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange. Adz-Dzahab Journal: Journal of Islamic Economics and Business, 4(2), 21–29. https://doi.org/10.47435/adz-dzahab.v1i2.337
Vitolla, F., Raimo, N., & Rubino, M. (2020). Board characteristics and integrated reporting quality: an agency theory perspective. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 27(2), 1152–1163. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.1879
Wang, K., & Shailer, G. (2015). Ownership concentration and firm performance in emerging markets: A meta-analysis. Journal of Economic Surveys, 29(2), 199–229. https://doi.org/10.1111/joes.12048
Wati, E., & Malik, AQ (2021). Corporate Social Responsibility and Earnings Management: The Moderating Role of Corporate Governance. Journal of Accounting Research, Organization and Economics, 4(3), 298-307.
Wikartika, I., & Akbar, F. (2020). The influence of institutional ownership, ownership concentration and dividends on company performance. JBMP (Journal of Business, Management And Banking), 6(1), 69–75. https://doi.org/10.21070/jbmp.v6i1.444
Winarno, W. (2015). Econometric and statistical analysis with eviews 4th edition (4th ed.).
Yasser, M. (2017). The Impact of ownership concentration on firm performance: Evidence from an emerging market. Emerging Economic Studies, 3(1), 34–53. https://doi.org/10.1177/2394901517696647
Yilmaz, C., & Buyuklu, A.H. (2016). Impacts of Corporate Governance on Firm Performance: Turkey Case with a Panel Data Analysis. Eurasian Journal of Economics and Finance, 4(1), 56–72. https://doi.org/10.15604/ejef.2016.04.01.004
Zaid, MAA, Abuhijleh, STF, & Pucheta-Martínez, M.C. (2020). Ownership structure, stakeholder engagement, and corporate social responsibility policies: The moderating effect of board independence. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 27(3), 1344–1360. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.1888
Zandi, G., Yap Peng Lok, S., Aslam, A., & Singh, D. (2015). Is an MBA degree necessary to be a CEO of large corporation: The case of fortune magazine global top 100 corporations? International Business Research, 8(12), 96. https://doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v8n12p96